CHANGES IN THE CELLULAR LINK OF IMMUNITY IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH POST-COVID SYNDROME
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i1.15265Keywords:
cellular link of immunity, post-covid syndrome, pregnancyAbstract
SUMMARY. In recent years, the world has been shaken by an unprecedented pandemic of the SARS-COV-2 virus. The growth of complications that accompanied the post-covid syndrome, against the background of pregnancy, formed problems in the uterine-fetal complex of pregnant women and the immune system.
The aim – to study the features of the immune system in pregnant women with postpartum syndrome.
Material and Methods. 60 pregnant women (main group) who survived SARS-CoV-2, confirmed by the PCR method, during pregnancy with placental insufficiency with intrauterine growth retardation syndrome (IVF) of the II-III degrees (Group 2 - 30 women) and with placental insufficiency without IVF( Group 1 – 30 women) were examined in the period of 32–34 weeks of pregnancy. The control group consisted of 30 women with an uncomplicated pregnancy. Women with severe extragenital pathology, immune conflicts and preeclampsia were excluded from the study. The concentration of leukocytes, lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD22+ was determined at 32-34 weeks of pregnancy by immunofluorescence of blood lymphocytes (NVL "Granum" (Kharkiv)). Statistical analysis was performed using the "Statistica" program (StatSoft Inc., USA).
Results. In the Group 2, the level of leukocytes was 6.8±0.6×109/L, or 125.93 % compared to the control group, (р>0.05), while in the Group 1, this indicator was 116.67 % (or 6.3±0.3×109/L) of the control (p>0.05). The average level of lymphocytes in the control group was 1.7±0.05×109/L, in Group I – 1.60±0.03×109/L (94.12 %), and in Group II – 1.58±0.03×109/L (92.94 %), which was slightly reduced compared to the control group. Compared with the control group, the decrease in the level of T-lymphocytes was not statistically significant (p>0.05), but with a tendency to decrease compared with the control group. The level of T-helpers in the Group I was 86.21 % of the control, and in the Group II – 69.23 %, which is significantly lower compared to the indicators of the control group. Comparison with the control group showed statistically significant changes (p<0.05) in the levels of T-suppressors/killers in Groups I and II, where this indicator was higher in Group I by 1.64 times, and in Group II by 2.10 times compared to the control group.
Conclusions. Therefore, among the cellular link of immunity in pregnant women with post-covid syndrome and placental insufficiency, fetal growth retardation, significant changes were observed in the levels of T-helpers (CD4+) and B-cells (CD22+), where the levels of these indicators were lower in Groups I and II compared to control group, while the levels of T-suppressors/killers (CD8+) in Groups I and II were significantly higher, which may indicate significant changes in the immune response to postpartum syndrome in pregnant women in the III trimester. No statistically significant differences between groups were found for leukocytes, lymphocytes, T lymphocytes (CD3+) and CD4/CD8 ratio.
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