MORHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE NEPHRON AND THE PECULIRIATIES OF THE DYNAMICS OF ITS REPAIR PROCESSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF CELLULAR DEHYDRATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i1.15263Keywords:
kidney, renal corpuscle, nephron tubules, laboratory animals, dehydration, adaptation, readaptationAbstract
SUMMARY. The aim – to assess the influence of cellular dehydration on the structure of the nephron and the peculiarities of the dynamics of reparative processes during the recovery period during experiment.
Material and Methods. The study was conducted on 70 young white male Vistar rats, which were divided into 2 groups – intact animals and animals adapted to dehydration. The collection of material for light and electron microscopy of the kidney was carried out according to generally accepted rules. Morphometric and quantitative studies were carried out using a system for visual analysis of histological specimens.
Results. Microscopic and morphometric studies revealed a relationship between the duration of dehydration and the depth of damage to both the components of the filtration barrier and the structures involved in reabsorption processes. The study of the features and peculiriaties of the organism's readaptation processes to the action of extreme factors under conditions of adaptation made it possible to establish that the first indicators of disorders of the glomerular-tubular system are the basement membranes in the walls of the microcirculatory vessels, and the membrane formations of the epithelium. As the influence of the dehydrating factor increases, dystrophic and atrophic changes in the nephron structures occur, which causes a disruption of their function. The process of readaptation includes a complex of compensatory changes that ensure adaptation to the conditions. Positive changes in the structural organization of the renal cortex, which occur already in the 3rd week of readaptation after cellular dehydration, and of the nephron tubules in the 6th week, indicate that the readaptation processes in animals adapted to cellular dehydration occur more actively and faster in all structural components of the nephron. After severe cellular dehydration, reparative processes occur more slowly, however, they lead to complete normalization of nephron structures.
Conclusions. The study of the structural organization of the nephron under the influence of cellular dehydration, as well as the study of the influence and the mechanism of adaptation, established that the structural components of the nephron instantly respond to disturbances in the body's water and electrolyte metabolism by changing their structural organization. These changes are significant with severe cellular dehydration, and their recovery takes a long time, however, the impact of an adverse factor has caused the activation of compensatory and adaptive reactions, and the readaptation process occurs faster in an organism adapted to dehydration.
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