DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY: CLINICAL ASPECTS, DIAGNOSTIC CAPABILITIES, AND THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2025.v.i1.15244Keywords:
diabetic polyneuropathy, diabetes mellitus 2 type, neuropathic pain, inflammatory markers, neuropathyAbstract
SUMMARY. Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes mellitus, significantly reducing patients’ quality of life.
The aim – to highlight modern approaches to the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of DPN, particularly focusing on promising therapeutic strategies.
Material and Methods. A comprehensive review of scientific literature on DPN was conducted, including an analysis of recent studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, such as hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, activation of the polyol pathway, formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and inflammatory processes. Special attention was given to diagnostic methods, including electromyography, skin biopsy, quantitative sensory testing, and the assessment of inflammatory markers.
Results. Modern approaches to DPN treatment were reviewed, encompassing glycemic control, the use of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, neuroprotectors, and medications for neuropathic pain management. Additionally, innovative treatment methods, including regenerative medicine, neuromodulation, and gene therapy, were analyzed, demonstrating significant potential in correcting neurological dysfunctions. The importance of a comprehensive therapeutic approach was emphasized, as it helps slow disease progression and reduce the risk of complications.
Conclusions. Diabetic polyneuropathy is a complex, multifactorial disorder of the peripheral nervous system that requires early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment. The implementation of advanced diagnostic methods enhances the accuracy of disease detection, while personalized therapeutic strategies help alleviate symptoms and improve patient prognosis. Further research is necessary to refine treatment approaches and develop effective neuroprotective interventions.
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