BIOFEEDBACK SYSTEMS IN PATIENTS WITH AMPUTATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2024.v.i4.15022Keywords:
amputation, rehabilitation, biofeedback, prostheticsAbstract
SUMMARY. Prosthesis users experience significant changes in biomechanical gait parameters depending on the level of amputation and, to a large extent, on the prosthesis components. Due to the active spread of computer technologies and methods of data collection and processing, biofeedback systems for improving gait retraining in prosthesis users have become much more accessible.
The aim – to review the current research on the use of biofeedback systems in patients after amputation and to identify promising methods for inclusion in routine physical therapy and rehabilitation strategies in general.
Visual and somatosensory feedback are considered critical for walking. Amputation disrupts motor and proprioceptive functions, forcing amputees to rely more on visual feedback to maintain balance and take steps. The feedback devices used in many studies have varied, including visual, auditory, haptic, and combined types, most of which have had at least some positive effect on gait parameters in participants with lower limb amputation.
Conclusions: The use of feedback technologies based on the activation and training of visual, auditory, and proprioceptive analyzers are modern and effective methods of rehabilitation of balance and gait disorders in patients after lower limb amputation. Particularly promising are developments that use vibrotactile feedback and combined systems that use several channels of sensory information, such as robotic systems and virtual reality. It has been proven that the use of rehabilitation techniques with a biofeedback system has a positive effect on balance and equilibrium parameters, provides confidence to the prosthesis user when walking in difficult conditions, reduces fear and risk of falling, and improves quality of life.
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