THE LARGE INTESTINE MICROBIOME AFTER PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2024.v.i3.14898Keywords:
physical activity, microbiome, omnivorous diet, beneficial bacteria, large intestine, fecal analysis, gut microbiomeAbstract
SUMMARY. The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the body’s functioning, its metabolism and homeostasis. The gut microbiome is quite sensitive to a wide range of factors, one of which is physical activity. Currently, the impact of physical activity on the gut microbiota has been little studied. There is some evidence that the large intestine microbiome changes after physical activity.
The aim – to explore the impact of physical activity on the large intestine microbiome (based on fecal analysis).
Material and Methods. Seven male volunteers aged between 24 and 36 participated in the study. These volunteers do not exercise in their daily lives and followed an omnivorous diet. The volunteers were asked to actively participate in a 21-day physical activity program, which included running and strength exercises at a gym. Before and after the study, the volunteers provided fecal samples for microbiome analysis at the DIAGEN medical laboratory in Kyiv. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of PCR test results for “MICROBIOME / METABOLISM” were conducted. The study was carried out in accordance with international bioethics standards and Ukrainian legislation.
Results. It has been found that physical activity promotes a significant increase in the overall bacterial mass. This mainly occurs due to an increase in the quantity of bacteria – representatives of the beneficial microbiota.
An increase in the number of Prevotella spp. bacteria was observed, which can be explained by increased carbohydrate consumption with increasing physical activity. Additionally, a 100-fold increase in the quantity of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii bacteria (7 times higher than normal) has been recorded. This bacterium is the most common in the intestines of healthy adults. The number of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a commensal symbiont living in the human intestine, has also increased 70-fold. The quantity of beneficial Blautia spp. bacteria has also grown.
Conclusions. Physical activity over a period of 21 days contributes changes in the large intestine microbiome (feces). The overall bacterial mass has increased primarily due to beneficial bacteria such as: Prevotella spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Blautia spp.
References
Ivanchenko, N.V., Yelnykova, O.P., Kolodiazhna, O.A. (2018). Mikrobiom kalu: rol u zabezpechenni zdorovia liudyny [Fecal microbiome: its role in maintaining human health]. Ukrainskyi zhurnal mikrobiolohii, biotekhnolohii ta virusolohii – Ukrainian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Virology, 1(42), 4–16. [in Ukrainian].
Lunhu, M.V., Rudkovska, O.L., Melnyk, V.I. (2018). Mikrobiom kalu yak biolohichnyi marker zdorovia [Fecal microbiome as a biological marker of health]. Skhidnoievropeiskyi zhurnal vnutrishnoi ta simeinoi medytsyny – Eastern European journal of internal and family medicine, 2(1), 36–41. [in Ukrainian].
Barko, P.C., McMichael, M.A., Swanson, K.S., & Williams, D.A. (2018). The Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Review. J Vet Intern Med, 32(1), 9–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14875
Manos, J. (2022). The human microbiome in disease and pathology. APMIS, 130(12), 690–705. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.13225
Gubert, C., Kong, G., Renoir, T., & Hannan, A.J. (2019). Exercise, diet and stress as modulators of gut microbiota: implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis, 134, 104621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104621
Hughes, R.L. (2020). A Review of the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Personalized Sports Nutrition. Frontiers in Nutrition, 6, 191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00191
Mohr, A.E., Jäger, R., Carpenter, K.C., Kerksick, C.M., Purpura, M., & Townsend, J. R. (2020). The athletic gut microbiota. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 17(1), 24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00353-w
Rankin, A., O’Donovan, C., Madigan, S.M., O'Sullivan, O., & Cotter, P.D. (2017). 'Microbes in sport' – The potential role of the gut microbiota in athlete health and performance. Br J Sports Med, 51(9), 698–699. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097227
Malko, K.S., Babak, S.V. (2023). Doslidzhennia vplyvu fizychnoho navantazhennia na mikrobom kalu [Study of the impact of physical activity on the fecal microbiome]. Mizhnarodna naukovo-praktychna konferentsiia «Adaptatsiini ta psykhfiziolohichni problemy fizychnoi kultury i sportu» Kyiv-Cherkasy, (7-8 hrudnia 2023), 77–78. [in Ukrainian].
Hurenko, O.O., Drozdovska, S.B. (2020). Vplyv fizychnykh vprav na mikrobom kyshechnyka ta insulinorezystentnist u osib z metabolichnym syndromom. [The impact of physical exercise on the gut microbiome and insulin resistance in individuals with metabolic syndrome]. Ukrainskyi zhurnal medytsyny, biolohii ta sportu – Ukrainian Journal of Medicine, Biology and Sports, 5(27), 324–331. [in Ukrainian]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.05.324
Dohnalová, L., Lundgren, P., Carty, J.R.E., Goldstein, N., Wenski, S.L., Nanudorn, P., et al. (2022). A microbiome-dependent gut-brain pathway regulates motivation for exercise. Nature, 612(7941), 739–747. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05525-z
Crowson, M.M., & McClave, S.A. (2020). Does the Intestinal Microbiome Impact Athletic Performance? Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 11, 53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-020-00790-2
Ticinesi, A., Lauretani, F., Tana, C., Nouvenne, A., Ridolo, E., & Meschi, T. (2019). Exercise and immune system as modulators of intestinal microbiome: implications for the gut-muscle axis hypothesis. Exerc Immunol Rev, 25, 84–95.
Guest, N.S., Horne, J., Vanderhout, S.M., & El-Sohemy, A. (2019). Sport nutrigenomics: personalized nutrition for athletic performance. Front Nutr, 6, 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00008
Kolodiazhna, O.A., Ivanchenko, N.V., Yelnykova, O.P. (2019). Mikrobiom kalu: struktura ta funktsii. [Fecal microbiome: structure and functions]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho universytetu. Seriia: Biolohiia – Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: Biology, 45, 55–60. [in Ukrainian].
