MODERN VIEW ON PEDIATRIC REFLUX DISEASE
(LITERATURE REVIEW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2024.v.i2.14713Keywords:
gastroesophageal reflux disease, children, proton pump inhibitorsAbstract
SUMMARY. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a fairly common condition in children, although it is not frequently diagnosed in pediatrics. The main reason is that the diagnosis and treatment of GERD remain a challenge due to non-specific symptoms from early childhood to adolescence.
The aim of the literature review - to highlight the current state of the issue regarding gastroesophageal reflux disease in children.
Material and Methods. The literature was researched using specific research strings in Pubmed, Scopus, and Mendeley via MeSH. The results included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and reviews. The search was limited to the literature in English and the pediatric age group.
Results. Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs when stomach contents regurgitate into the esophagus or oropharynx and cause distressing symptoms and/or complications. A careful medical history analysis and physical examination are usually sufficient to establish the diagnosis, and additional investigations may be used when the diagnosis is in doubt. Worrying symptoms arising against the background of GERD require a further, more thorough examination of the child. Treatment of pediatric GERD begins with lifestyle modifications and non-pharmacological therapy, while pharmacologic agents may be prescribed to relieve symptoms for patients whose disease does not respond to lifestyle modifications. Proton pump inhibitors should be preferred in the treatment of pediatric GERD. In the treatment of more severe reflux disease, the possibility of wider use of pharmacological drugs and surgical intervention should be considered for patients as well.
Conclusions. GERD is a widespread pediatric condition. Proton pump inhibitors are preferred over H2-receptor antagonists due to their higher efficacy. If GERD is not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, complications may occur, which may significantly impair the quality of life of pediatric patients and cause a delay in the child's development.
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