COVID-19 AND HEART INJURY: CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM
(LITERATURE REVIEW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2024.v.i2.14559Keywords:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, міокард, атеросклерозAbstract
SUMMARY. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has properties of high contagiousness, various clinical manifestations and long incubation period. In addition to the classical tropism for the respiratory system, COVID-19 has a negative effect on the cardiovascular system. Transmitted coronavirus infection causes acute damage of the myocardium, as well as chronic forms of heart and blood vessels affection.
The aim – to analyze literature data on possible forms and mechanisms of heart lesions in patients with a history of coronavirus disease.
Results. Numerous population-based studies have demonstrated an increased risk of acute cardiovascular and thrombotic events during the first year after an acute infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. The main manifestations of damage of the cardiovascular system in patients with COVID-19 are the early development of arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and atherosclerosis. An important role in the development of lesions of the heart and blood vessels belongs to the cytotoxic effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, cytokine storm, angiotensin 2 - mediated effects of the coronavirus and disorders of blood coagulation processes.
Conclusions. Understanding the mechanisms of the cardiotropic effect of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus will contribute to the prevention of the early manifestations of cardiovascular events, including fatal ones, in patients with post-covid syndrome.
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