PECULIARITIES OF PREPARING CHILDREN FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2023.v.i4.14319Keywords:
child, surgery, peculiarities of preparation, age dependence, psycho-emotional factors, preparationAbstract
SUMMARY. The aim – to draw the attention of surgical practitioners to the peculiarities of preparing children for surgical interventions depending on the age of the child, his/her psycho-emotional state in order to minimise trauma to the child's psyche and obtain positive treatment results.
Material and Methods. We analysed the results of research by modern scientists over the past ten years on the peculiarities of preparing children for surgery. We also took into account our observations of children who received planned and emergency surgical care in our medical institution. We carefully studied outpatient and inpatient documentation related to children who received surgical care. The preoperative preparation for the operation consisted of establishing contact with the child, parents and, above all, the child's mother gradually, smoothly, taking into account the child's age, outlook and preferences. All surgical procedures were performed only after adequate local or general anaesthesia. Examination methods included radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound diagnostics.
Results. Patients aged one to three years have greater opportunities to prepare for surgery. The main emphasis is on verbal contact. When preparing a child aged 3 to 6 years for surgery, you need to choose your words carefully, because the wrong approach can provoke a number of phobias. If so, let him or her tell you in detail about the subject of fear. An approach to preparing children aged 6 to 10 years is relevant and complex. The child should choose the things from his or her wardrobe that he or she wants to take with him or her to the hospital, what books he or she will read and what games he or she will play. In adolescence, the methods of preparing for surgery should be completely different from those for younger children. If a child is subject to urgent surgical treatment, preoperative psychological preparation is extremely diverse both in terms of the amount of information and the time during which this information must be conveyed to the child.
Conclusions. Psycho-emotional preoperative preparation for children is essential. Given the age-specific characteristics of the child's development, such preparation is multifaceted and varied in each age range, which must be taken into account before surgery.
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