STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE MUSCLES OF THE HIND LIMB OF THE RATS WITH ACUTE ISCHEMIA UNDER CONDITIONS OF ACUTE BLOOD LOSS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2023.v.i4.14305Keywords:
ischemia, muscle tissue, reperfusion-ischemic syndrome, acute blood lossAbstract
SUMMARY. Acute ischemia is defined as a sudden reduction in limb perfusion that threatens its viability. Common causes include arterial thrombosis, embolism, or vascular injury, including the use of tourniquets in acute bleeding. After resolving ischemia, there is a multifactorial impact on ischemic and remote tissues. Morphological disruptions are exacerbated during acute hemorrhage.
The aim – to conduct a comparative analysis of structural changes in the skeletal muscles of the hind limbs of rats during acute ischemia-reperfusion induced by arterial tourniquet application, complicated by acute bleeding.
Material and Methods. We performed histological and morphometric studies on the quadriceps muscle of white rats after two hours of acute limb ischemia caused by tourniquet application during acute bleeding. Morphological changes in muscle tissue were examined two hours after tourniquet application without reperfusion and during the reperfusion period. Models of early post-ischemic and late post-ischemic periods were represented by animal groups with reperfusion changes at two hours, one day, and three days after tourniquet removal, and at seven and fourteen days after tourniquet removal, respectively.
Results. Muscle tissue damage manifested as edema, disruption of myocyte structure, leukocyte infiltration of endo- and perimysium, diapedesis hemorrhages, and perivascular cellular infiltrates in the microcirculatory bed. The most pronounced disturbances in muscle fibers due to the development of reperfusion-ischemic syndrome were observed on the first day. The average diameter of muscle fibers ((43.66±0.60) µm) exceeded that of the control group ((40.63±0.24) µm) by 6.94 % (P<0.01). Subsequently, a gradual normalization of indicators was observed, with no significant difference noted on the fourteenth day compared to the control group ((40.83±0.36) µm) (P>0.05).
Conclusions. These identified patterns may be utilized to develop novel approaches for correcting structural and functional soft tissue and vascular injuries in the lower limbs under various conditions of ischemic trauma complicated by acute hemorrhage.
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