STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF CARDIAC REMODELING IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPEROSMOLAR AND HYPOOSMOLAR HYDRATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2023.v.i4.14294Keywords:
сardiac remodeling, hypo- and hyperosmolar hydration, cardiomyocytes, dystrophic changesAbstract
SUMMARY. Theoretical and practical aspects of structural remodeling of the heart at the organ, tissue, and subcellular levels in acute water-salt imbalance require supplementation due to the increasing incidence of diseases with impaired water-electrolyte homeostasis[1, 3].
The aim – to investigate the features of structural remodeling of the rat heart at the organ, tissue and subcellular levels under conditions of hyperosmolar and hypoosmolar hydration.
Material and Methods. The experiment was performed on 56 male rats weighing 120–200 g, which were divided into 3 groups: control, experimental hyper- and hypoosmotic. An experimental model of hyperosmolar hydration was created by intravenously injecting of 25 % mannitol solution at the rate of 1 ml per 100 g of body, and hypotonic hydration was created by intraperitoneal injection of bidistilled water at the rate of 20–40 % of body weight. Morphological studies were performed according to standard methods.
Results. The analysis of planimetric studies of the ventricular endocardial surface area showed that at the 15th minute of hyperosmolar hydration the endocardial surface of the right ventricle decreased, but at the 30th minute of the experiment this index approached the control values. At the same time, in hyposmolar hydration, cardiac remodeling is manifested by an increase in the endocardial surface of the right ventricle and a decrease in the left ventricle. Submicroscopic examination revealed an alternative restructuring of the stromal matrix, energy and contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes in both types of experimental hydration. Under the conditions of hypoosmolar hydration, the phenomena of pronounced cellular swelling, destruction of cristae and outer membrane in all mitochondria, as well as areas of contractile changes in myofibrils were detected. In hyperosmolar hydration, on the contrary, the damage to ultrastructures was less pronounced and was manifested by the destruction of mitochondrial cristae and myofibril contractures.
Conclusions. Therefore, in hyper- and hypoosmolar hydration, morphological manifestations of cardiac remodeling can be interpreted as a manifestation of dystrophic and compensatory-adaptive changes in the myocardium.
References
Urso, C., Brucculeri, S., & Caimi, G. (2015). Acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities in heart failure: pathophysiology and implications. Heart failure reviews, 20(4), 493-503. DOI: 10.1007/s10741-015-9482-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-015-9482-y
Ursi, R., Pesce, F., Albanese, M., & Iacoviello, M. (2022). Reverse cardiac remodeling after fluid balance optimization in patients with end-stage renal disease. Hemodialysis international, 26(3), 345-350. DOI: 10.1111/hdi.13019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.13019
Sonani, B., Naganathan, S., & Al-Dhahir, M.A. (2023). Hypernatremia. In StatPearls: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441960/.
Watso, J.C., & Farquhar, W.B. (2019). Hydration Status and Cardiovascular Function. Nutrients, 11(8), 1866. DOI: 10.3390/nu11081866. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081866
Uchida, K., Nikouee, A., Moench, I., & Lopatin, A.N. (2020). The mechanism of osmotically induced sealing of cardiac t tubules. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 319(2), H410–H421. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00573.2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00573.2019
Vicent, L., Alvarez-Garcia, J., Gonzalez-Juanatey, J.R., & Martinez-Sellés, M. (2021). Prognostic impact of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia at admission and discharge in heart failure patients with preserved, mid-range and reduced ejection fraction. Internal medicine journal, 51(6), 930-938. DOI: 10.1111/imj.14836. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14836
Li, K., Song, H., Wei, F., & Liu, Z. (2022). High salt intake damages myocardial viability and induces cardiac remodeling via chronic inflammation in the elderly. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 9. DOI: 10.3389/fcvm. 2022.952691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.952691
Allen, M.D., Springer, D.A., Burg, M.B., & Dmitrieva, N.I. (2019). Suboptimal hydration remodels metabolism, promotes degenerative diseases, and shortens life. JCI insight, 4(17), e130949. DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130949. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.130949
Zaporozhan, V.M., & Ariaiev, M.L. (2013). Bioetyka i biobezpeka [Bioethics and biosafety]. Kyiv : Zdorovia [in Ukrainian].
Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. (2010, 22 September). Official Journal of the European Union, 276/33-276/79. Retrieved from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex% 3A32010L0063.
European convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other scientific purpose. (18.03.1986). Strasbourg. European Treaty Series. Council of Europe, 123, 52. Retrieved from: https://rm.coe.int/168007a67b.
Goutianos, G., Tzioura, A., Kyparos, A., & Vrabas, I.S. (2015). The rat adequately reflects human responses to exercise in blood biochemical profile: a comparative study. Physiological reports, 3(2), e12293. DOI: 10.14814/phy2. 12293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12293
Blais, E.M., Rawls, K.D., Dougherty, B.V., & Papin, J.A. (2017). Reconciled rat and human metabolic networks for comparative toxicogenomics and biomarker predictions. Nature communications, 8. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14250
Hnatiuk, M.S., & Franchuk, V.V. (1996). Kilkisna morfolohiia porazhenoho sertsia [Quantitative morphology of the affected heart]. Ternopil: Ukroblstat [in Ukrainian].
Bahrii, M.M., Dibrova V.A., & Hryshchuk, M.I. (2016). Metodyky morfolohichnykh doslidzhen [Methods of morphological research]. Vinnytsia: Nova knyha [in Ukrainian]. Retrieved from: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Morphology_2016_10_1_20.
Sarkisov, D.S., & Perov, Yu.L. (1996). Mikroskopicheskaya tekhnika [Microscopic technique]. Moscow: Meditsina [in Russian].
