STATUS OF THE CELLULAR AND HUMORAL LINKS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RABBITS WITH A MECHANICAL NON-PENETRATING CORNEA INJURY AND ITS CORRECTION USING XENORNEAL STROMA OBTAINED BY THE DECELLULARIZATION METHOD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2023.v.i2.13908Keywords:
corneal injury, correction, xenoimplant, immune system, cellular immunity, v, humoral immunityAbstract
SUMMARY. In the works of a number of scientists, the important role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory process of the injured eye is indicated, in particular, it has been proven that the occurrence and dynamics of cellular immune reactions are closely related to the course of the disease.
The aim – to investigate the dynamics of humoral and cellular immunity indicators in the blood of rabbits under the condition of mechanical non-penetrating corneal injury and its correction using the corneal stroma obtained by the decellularization method.
Material and Methods. Corneal damage was reproduced on chinchilla rabbits. In both eyes, under local epibulbar anesthesia with a 0.5 % alkaine solution and retrobulbar anesthesia with a 2 % lidocaine solution, a concentric epithelial incision was made in the upper half of the cornea with a trephine, within which the epithelium was removed together with the anterior layer of the corneal stroma with a disposable ophthalmic scalpel. The transplant material is the stroma of the pig xenocornea, obtained by the decellularization method, which was carried out by treating it with a 0.5 % solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate and, subsequently, with ultrasound followed by incubation in the presence of a 0.1 % papain solution. The concentration of the factor immunoglobulins in the blood of animals was determined by the immunoenzymatic method, the content and state of cellular immunity was assessed by the content of CD4+, CD8+. Samples were analyzed on a flow cytofluorimeter.
Results. The results of the conducted research indicate differences in the dynamics of the level of immune protection factors in the skin of rabbits that were simulated mechanical non-permeable corneal trauma and those animals that underwent surgical correction. In particular, simulation of mechanical trauma to the cornea leads to the activation of humoral immunity factors in the early post-traumatic period with further normalization by the 28th day and a clear violation of cellular immunity in the form of an imbalance of the subpopulation composition of T-lymphocytes with a predominant increase in T-helpers and a progressive increase in the immunoregulatory index.
Carrying out surgical correction using the equivalent of the xenocorneal stroma obtained by the decellularization method in the initial stages of the pathological process causes more pronounced disorders on the part of the immune system, caused, on the one hand, by corneal trauma, and on the other hand by the presence of a foreign substrate, albeit to a lesser degree immunogenicity than when using fresh or cryopreserved cornea. However, after 14 days, the normalization of the immune response is observed, which indicates normal engraftment of the xenograft.
Conclusion. The infliction of mechanical trauma to the cornea is accompanied by the activation of humoral and cellular factors of the immune response, especially at the initial stage of the pathological process. Surgical correction using pig corneal stroma obtained by the decellularization method leads to even greater activation of nonspecific resistance of the organism in the first 7 days of the experiment, followed by their normalization by the 28th day.
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