QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY OF RISK FACTORS FOR HYPOVITAMIN D IN CHILDREN WITH PARALYTIC SYNDROMES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A SINGLE-CENTER CROSS-SECTION STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2023.v.i1.13731Keywords:
children, paralytic syndromes, hypovitaminosis D, COVID-19 pandemicAbstract
SUMMARY. The aim – to identify risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in children with paralytic syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods. A single-center cross-sectional study conducted in the autumn – spring 2020–2021 period included the determination of serum 25(OH)D by enzyme immunoassay on the "Labline-90" analyzer (Austria) using the commercial test system "Monobind Inc." (ELISA, USA) and parent questionnaires conducted in 58 children with paralytic syndromes and 63 healthy children. The questionnaire contained four main domains of 36 questions: "Early child development" (3 questions); "Receiving services from health care institutions" (9 questions); "Way of life" (9 questions); "Food and nutrition" (15 questions). The odds ratio was calculated.
Results. All children with paralytic syndromes had motor dysfunction of the III-V level according to the classification of the Gross Motor Function Classification System. In children with paralytic syndromes, the blood serum 25(OH)D index was significantly reduced compared to healthy children. In the same way, the frequency of hypovitaminosis D among them was significantly increased. The risk of developing hypovitaminosis D in children with paralytic syndromes in 3.1 times higher compared to healthy children (OR=3.1; 95 % CI 1.2-8.18; p=0.0188). It was determined that breastfeeding for less than 6 months in children with paralytic syndromes increases the risk of hypovitaminosis D (OR=6.1, 95 % CI 2.7- 13.6, p=0.0001) in the same way as the inability to walk every day in the fresh air (OR=14.5, 95 % CI 1.8-116.3, p=0.0018), inability to move independently (OR = 43.7, 95 % CI 5.6-337.8, p=0.0003); lack of sunbathing at the sea during the COVID-19 pandemic (OR=3.9, 95 % CI 1.5-10.0, p=0.0047), walking outside for less than an hour per day (OR=43.7, 95 % CI 5.6-337.8, p=0.0003).
Conclusions. The risk of developing hypovitaminosis D in children with paralytic syndromes of level III–V according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System is 3.1 times higher compared to healthy children. Risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in children with paralytic syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic are reduced exposure to the sun, namely, not being able to walk in the fresh air every day, not being able to move independently, not getting insolation at the sea in the summer during the COVID-19 pandemic, walks outside for less than an hour a day.
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