ESTABLISHMENT OF THE OPTIMUM MODE OF EXTRACTION OF SAPONINS AND POLYPHENOLS FROM THE SOAPFLOWER (SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS L.) HERB BY THE METHOD OF DISPERSION ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2023.v.i1.13726Keywords:
soapflower (Saponaria officinalis L.), herb, saponins, polyphenols, spectrophotometric method, dispersion analysisAbstract
SUMMARY. Medicinal products on a plant basis are widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Therefore, an in-depth study of (Saponaria officinalis L.) is of theoretical and practical interest. In traditional medicine, soapflower raw materials are used for various diseases as a blood purifier, choleretic, diuretic, diaphoretic, respiratory and skin diseases. Foreign scientists have studied the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of soapflower extracts.
The aim – to determine the optimal mode of extraction of saponins and polyphenols from the soapflower herb and to study the dependence of the extraction of these biologically active substances on the ratio of raw materials and extractant, ethanol concentration, and the extraction method for the development of new phytopreparations.
Material and Methods. The method of extraction, the ratio of raw materials and extractant, and the concentration of ethanol were studied by the method of dispersion analysis. Water and ethanol of different concentrations (60 %, 40 %, 20 %) were used as an extractant. The following extraction methods were used to obtain the extract from plant raw materials: maceration, remaceration, maceration with stirring, ultrasonic extraction. Different ratios of raw materials and extractant were studied (1 : 12, 1 : 10, 1 : 8 and 1 : 5). Determination of the content of the amount of saponins and the amount of polyphenols was carried out by the spectrophotometric method, in terms of escin (for saponins) and pyrogallol (for polyphenols).
Results. Dispersion analysis allowed us to reduce the number of experiments from 64 to 16 and establish the optimal ratio of raw materials and extractant, the extractant, as well as the method of extracting saponins and the amount of polyphenols from the soapflower herb.
Conclusions. In order to obtain an alcoholic extract of the medicinal soapflower herb with the highest content of saponins and polyphenols, it was established that the optimal method of extraction is maceration with stirring, the ratio of raw materials and extractant should be from 1 to 12, and 40 % ethanol is the most acceptable extractant.
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