ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF RESPIRATORY ALVEOLOCYTES IN THE DYNAMICS OF POST-EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL INJURY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2022.v.i2.13138Keywords:
burn injury, lungs, respiratory alveolocyte, ultrastructural examinationAbstract
SUMMARY. Thermal skin lesions, as a type of exogenous traumatic effects, are associated with damaging actions on various tissues and organs, including the lungs. In the pathogenesis of lung lesions in burn injury, the key factors are: hypovolemia, disorders of general and local circulation, oxidative stress, inflammatory changes. However, in the scientific literature there is insufficient data on the study of remodeling of the lungs respiratory portion after burns.
The aim – to establish submicroscopic changes of alveolocytes type I in respiratory portion of animals’ lungs after thermal trauma.
Material and Methods. The burn injury was applied under ketamine anesthesia with two copper plates with an area of 14.5 cm2 heated in boiled water to a temperature of 97–100 °C on the epilated surface of the skin of the animal’s back for 15 seconds. The size of the affected area was 18–20 % of the body surface of the animals. They were decapitated on days 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st.
Results. Submicroscopic studies of the respiratory portion of the lungs in the early period (1st, 7th days) found adaptive-compensatory changes in respiratory epitheliocytes, manifested by organelle hypertrophy, moderate hyaline edema. A decrease of micropinocytic vesicles in the cytoplasm was revealed. The nuclei were enlarged, they were dominated by euchromatin, karyolemma lost its structure.
In the late period (14th, 21st days) significant destructive-degenerative changes of alveolocytes type I were revealed. The cytoplasm was sharply enlightened, formed fan-shaped protrusions into the lumen of the alveoli, there were virtually no micropinocytic vesicles. The osmiophilic nuclei contained mainly heterochromatin, determined by intussusception of karyolemma, which lost a clear contour of the membranes.
Conclusions. It is established that in the dynamics after experimental thermal trauma in the respiratory portion of the lungs there are deep violations of the ultrastructure of pneumocytes type I, which increase with the observation period after burns.
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