DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN THE ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF PURULENT-INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE ENT ORGANS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2022.v.i2.12942Keywords:
opportunistic pathogens, diseases of the ENT organsAbstract
SUMMARY. Diseases of the ENT organs caused by opportunistic pathogens remain one of the common pathologies that require special attention due to the large number of pathogens, severity of diseases, complications and resistance of the etiological factor. A complex consortium of microbial communities inhabits the upper respiratory tract. Fluctuations in the underlying microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease, and a better understanding of the dynamics between the variable microbiota may be crucial in managing future medical therapy.
The aim – to study the dynamics of the etiological structure and ecological indicators of opportunistic pathogenic microbiota in infectious diseases of the ENT organs for the period from 2010 to 2021.
Material and Methods. The paper uses the results of bacteriological studies of washes from the throat, nose and outer ear of patients with infectious diseases of the ENT organs, conducted in 2010 and 2021. A total of 236 patients were examined in 2010 and 195 patients in 2021.
Results. In studying the etiological structure of pathogens of ENT infections, 271 strains of opportunistic pathogens from the throat, 124 strains from the nose and 52 strains from the outer ear of patients with pharyngitis, laryngitis, otitis, rhinitis and sinusitis in 2010 and 117, 92 and 27 strains for 2021. Analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota, according to 2010 and 2021, showed that both series of studies were dominated by gram-positive coccal microflora in all studied materials, which was 65.5 % in the material from the throat, 92.7 % – from the nose and 76.9 % – from the outer ear in 2010 and 61.5 %, 85.9 % and 59.2 % – in 2021. The isolated bacteria belonged to three genera: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and Enterococcus. When comparing the dynamics of ecological characteristics depending on the biotope, some changes were observed in the dominance of certain species of microorganisms and the emergence of new transient species. Thus, in the material from the throat in 2021 the share of S. pyogenes decreased by 3.25 times, and S. anhaemolyticus – 1.8 times compared to 2010. However, strepidococci of the viridans group were detected 1.5 times more often, and new species appeared, namely S. anginosus (8.5 %), S. mitis (2.6 %) and S. pneumoniae (0.9 %). In 2021, E. cloacae, A. baumanii, C. glabrata were found in isolated cases, and the frequency of K. pneumoniae increased 2.8 times.
Conclusions. Comparative studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota of the pharynx, nose and outer ear of patients with infectious diseases of the ENT organs, conducted over 11 years, showed the predominance of staphylococci and streptococci in all studied materials, and the density of their colonization in inflammatory processes.
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