MANIFESTATIONS OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF THE PRIMARY EPISODE OF BIPOLAR DISORDER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2021.v.i2.12210Keywords:
bipolar affective disorder, primary episode, depressive episodeAbstract
The study of the clinical features of depression in the primary episode of bipolar affective disorder is important for the timely detection, treatment and prevention of disease.
The aim – to study the features of the symptoms of depression in the primary episode of bipolar affective disorder, taking into account the gender factor and clinical variant.
Material and Methods: We have clinically examined 130 men and 176 women diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder.
Results. In the depressive variant the whole spectrum of depressive symptoms is present: low mood (100.0 %), anhedonia – in 40.3 % of all patients, 40.9 % of men, and 40.0 % of women, fatigue – 68.1 %, 65.9 %, and 69.3 %, pessimism – 100.0 %, feelings of guilt, needlessness, anxiety or fear – 33.6 %, 36.4 %, and 32.0 %, low self-esteem – 89.1 %, 84.1 %, and 92.0 %, inability to concentrate and make decisions – 45.4 %, 36.4 %, and 50.7 %, thoughts of death or suicide – 79.8 %, 79.5 % and 80.0 %, unstable appetite, weight change – 61.3 %, 59.1 %, and 62.7 %, dyssomnia – 98.3 %, 97.7 %, and 98.7 %. In the manic variant there are some symptoms: anxiety or fear – 52.2 %, 66.7 %, 25.0 %, inability to concentrate and make decisions – 56.5 %, 46.7 %, 75.0 %, thoughts about death or suicide – 8.7 %, 6.7 %, and 12.5 %, dyssomnia – 30.4 %, 26.7 %, and 37.5 %. The mixed variant is closer to depressive, but the prevalence of depressive symptoms is lower: the decreased mood was found in 81.8 %, 83.3 %, and 80.0 %, anhedonia –45.5 %, 66.7 %, and 20.0 %, fatigue – 54.5 %, 50.0 %, and 60.0 %, pessimism – 81.8 %, 83.3 %, and 80.0 %, feelings of guilt, futility, anxiety or fear – 72.7 %, 66.7 %, and 80.0 %, low self-esteem – 81.8 %, 83.3 %, and 80.0 %, inability to concentrate and make decisions – 72.7 %, 83.3 %, and 60,0 %, thoughts of death or suicide – 63.6 %, 50.0 %, and 80.0 %, unstable appetite, weight change – 27.3 %, 16.7 %, and 40.0 %, dyssomnia – 100.0 %. However, no significant differences were found in the prevalence of depressive symptoms between men and women.
Conclusions: differences in the prevalence of clinical manifestations of depression in the primary episode of bipolar affective disorder are determined by the clinical variant; the impact of gender on them is insignificant.
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