MORPHOGENESIS OF THE LYMPHOID TISSUE OF THE THYROID GLAND AT AN EARLY AGE UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL PRENATAL ANTIGENIC LOAD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2021.v.i2.12121Keywords:
thyroid gland, staphylococcal toxoid, rats, immunological reactivityAbstract
In modern world literature, much attention is paid to the general impact of the infectious load on the immune system of the body, and as a consequence, the development of autoimmune conditions of the thyroid gland. T-lymphocytes are the main effectors of the adaptive immune system and are critical for the body's defense against pathogenic infectious agents. Particular attention in this matter is attracted by the influence of various factors on the body of a pregnant woman, that is, the prenatal nonspecific effect of external infectious antigens on the body, which have distant manifestations after birth.
The aim – to establish experimentally the features of the morphogenesis of the thyroid lymphoid tissue in the early postnatal period of ontogenesis under conditions of prenatal action of staphylococcal toxoid.
Material and Methods. Thyroid glands of Wistar rats aged from 1 to 14 days of postnatal development (90 animals in total) were experimentally investigated. On the 18th day of a dated pregnancy, each fetus was injected with purified adsorbed staphylococcal toxoid liquid (10 –14 binding units in 1 ml, diluted 10 times) at a dose of 0.05 ml during laparotomy, by trans-uterine, transcoccal subcutaneous injection. 0.9 % NaCl solution. The complex of the thyroid gland with a portion of the trachea was fixed in a 10 % solution of neutral buffered formalin for 24 hours. Histological sections 3–5 μm thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies CD 3 (5B2), CD4 (5B4), CD8 (32-M4), CD20 (D-10) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. with additional staining of nuclei with Mayer's hematoxylin. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using a personal computer based on the Windows XP operating system using the statistical package "Statistica for Windows 6.0" (StatSoftInc.), Excel (Microsoft Office, USA).
Results. intrafetal administration of staphylococcal toxoid led to partial lymphocytic infiltration of the stroma of the thyroid gland and the formation of intraorgan diffuse lymphoid tissue mostly from CD 3+ and CD 4+ lymphocytes (an increase in the number of T-lymphocytes over this period of 75.1 times) and its cooperation in the form lymphoid nodule on the 14th day of postnatal life, the cellular composition of which was immunohistochemically represented by CD 3+ CD 4+ and CD 3+ CD 8+ T-lymphocytes. This was accompanied by expansion and manifestations of stasis in the venules, activation of mast cells and macrophages. Such a morphological picture in the thyroid gland of antigen-premium animals was observed on the periphery of the gland. Thus, іntense changes in the immunological compartment of the thyroid gland with the formation of diffuse lymphoid tissue in young rats after prenatal exposure to staphylococcal toxoid due to generalized prenatal antigen load in the body as a whole and are manifestations of reactivity in the formation of antigen-independent differentiation of T lymphocytes.
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