PECULIARITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS IN CORE AND SUBCORTAL DEPARTMENTS OF RAT'S BRAIN AFTER LIGHT BRAIN INJURYRY

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by a number of pathological reactions in the brain parenchyma, which depend on the severity of the injury and have a long course, which can lead to the development of neurological disorders and disability, among which inflammatory processes play an important role, which are realized as micro-glial and glial-macrophage cells of the brain, and with the help of neutrophils, monocytes and blood lymphocytes. At the same time, the development of these pathological autoimmune reactions in certain important structures of the brain has not yet been sufficiently studied.

The aim – to study the features of the state of inflammation on the 5th day after mild TBI in rats, namely, to determine the number and activity of pro-inflammatory cells and the level of edema in the cork, hypocampal and thalamic regions of the brain.

Material and Methods. Experimental animals, sexually mature rats, of different sex weighing 120–160 g (breeding of the vivarium of the State Institution "INKh AMN") were used in the work. All work with experimental animals was carried out in compliance with the legislative norms and requirements of the Law of Ukraine No. 3447 IV "On the Protection of Animals from Cruelty", "The European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Research and Other Scientific Purposes" (Strasbourg, 1986), taking into account principles of bioethics and biological safety standards. The animals were kept under standard conditions of an accredited vivarium; euthanasia was performed under ether anesthesia. Traumatic brain injury in rats was modeled according to the recommendations of Romanov G. A. et al. (2015) by dropping a load (weighing 100 g) from a height of 120 cm onto the head of anesthetized rats. The preparation of rat brain cells with certain brain lobes was carried out by the method of enzymatic dissociation with a 0.4 % trypsin solution. Nitric oxide was determined using the Griss reagent. Edema of certain brain structures was determined by the water content in the brain tissue before and after 48 hours of drying.

Results. After mild TBI, rats develop inflammatory reactions in the cortical and subcortical regions of the brain, which are manifested on the 5th day after injury by an increase in the number of pro-inflammatory cells in the studied brain lobes, increased production of nitric oxide, and the development of cerebral edema. In the hypocampal and thalamic regions of the brain, the manifestations of inflammation are much greater than in the cortical structures of the brain.

Conclusion. The manifestations of inflammation on the 5th day after a mild TBI in various areas of the brain indicates that this injury is accompanied by significant disorders that require appropriate treatment.