EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF INHALATION EFFECT OF CITRIC ACID (EXPERIMENTAL DATA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2021.v.i1.11687Keywords:
citric acid, inhalation effect, threshold concentrationsAbstract
Despite the wide and multi-ton use of citric acid and, accordingly, active industrial contact with it by workers, the literature data on the biological effects of aerosol of citric acid powder by inhalation is extremely small.
The aim – to investigate the biological effects of citric acid with single and multiple inhalation to establish safe levels of exposure.
Material and Methods. The experimental study was performed on nonlinear white rats. The test substance was administered once intranasally in doses corresponding to concentrations of 100 mg/m3, 200 mg/m3, 400 mg/m3 and for 6 months in doses corresponding to concentrations of 30 mg/m3, 10 mg/m3, 3 mg/m3. Criteria for determining the toxic effect on animals in the experiment were: general condition of animals, morphological parameters of organs, hematological and biochemical parameters of blood, indicators of lipid peroxidation. Oxidative stress processes were assessed by lipid peroxidation indicators. The effect on the deep respiratory tract was assessed by the cytological composition of the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid.
Results. According to the results of research, citric acid in a single and chronic inhalation intake caused a violation of both the functional state of the respiratory system and hemostasis at the same time. It can be attributed to substances with non-specific irritant action. The results of biochemical studies indicate a pronounced effect of citric acid on physiological and biochemical processes in animals at concentrations of 400 mg/m3 with a single exposure and 30 mg/m3 with multiple inhalation, which are accompanied by increased activity of serum transaminases, total protein content and decreased creatinine. These concentrations caused a decrease in erythrocyte count, hematocrit level and reticulocyte count too. The highest concentrations of citric acid caused a decrease in the percentage of macrophages and an increase in lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar fluid.
Conclusions. According to the established parameters of citric acid toxicity, the value of the threshold of acute inhalation action is set at 200 mg/m3, chronic inhalation action - 30 mg /m3.
The nature of toxic lesions of the organs of experimental organisms during inhalation of citric acid allows the compound to be classified as a substance with non-specific irritant effect.
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