THE EFFECT OF ACUTE BLOOD LOSS COMPLICATED BY LIMB ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION ON THE ANTIOXIDANT-PROOXIDANT BALANCE OF THE LIVER AND ITS CORRECTION BY CARBACETAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2020.v.i2.11320Keywords:
liver, blood loss, limb ischemia-reperfusion, antioxidant-prooxidant balanceAbstract
The aim – to establish the effect of acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion on the antioxidant-prooxidant balance of the liver and the efficacy of the carbacetam in correction of identified abnormalities.
Material and Methods. The experiments were conducted on 106 non-linear male rats weighing 200–220 g. All animals were divided into five groups: control and four experimental ones. All procedures were carried out under thiopental sodium anesthesia. In the first experimental group, animals were induced the limb ischemia-reperfusion injury by a method of applying a band of an elastic tourniquet SWAT-T. (USA), the width of 10 mm, proximally to the rat’s left hind leg for 120 minutes. The animals of the second experimental group were inflicted the acute blood loss (20 % of circulating blood volume) by severing a femoral vein. In the third experimental group, these lesions were combined. In the fourth experimental group, animals with acute blood loss concurrently with limb ischemia-reperfusion were intraperitoneally injected with carbacetam at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. Animals were administered anesthesia receiving an equivalent dose of thiopental sodium, as well as were applied a tourniquet for 2 hours without stopping the bleeding and were subsequently used for research an hour later.
After 1 and 2 hours as well as 1, 7 and 14 days, the animals were withdrawn from the experiment by means of complete exsanguination from the heart under thiopental sodium anesthesia. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content and catalase activity were determined in the liver homogenate. The prooxidant/antioxidant ratio (ProAntidex) was calculated based on the above data.
Results and Discussion. The prooxidant/antioxidant ratio value increased in the liver with a maximum of abnormalities after 7 days of the observation as a result of the limb ischemia-reperfusion model only, which was caused by an increase in both the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content and catalase activity. The value of ProAntidex decreased up to 14th day not reaching the control level. The prooxidant/antioxidant ratio value severely decreased in the liver under the effect of acute blood loss, which was attributable to an increase in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content simultaneously with a decrease in catalase activity. An additional two-hour limb ischemia followed by further reperfusion concurrently with the acute blood loss caused an even greater decrease in the value of ProAntidex in the liver, which was statistically significant at all observation periods compared to the other experimental groups. Administration of the carbacetam to the animals with acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion, compared to the animals without correction, resulted in substantial increase in prooxidant/antioxidant ratio value after 7 and 14 days of the experiment, indicating its prooxidant effect.
Conclusions. The prooxidant/antioxidant ratio value considerably increases in the liver as a result of two-hour limb ischemia and reperfusion injury, with a maximum of abnormalities after 7 days of reperfusion period, not reaching the control level up to 14th day. In the presence of acute blood loss the value of ProAntidex in the liver severely decreases, reaches the minimum after 1 day and remains substantially lower up to 14th day than in the control group. An additional limb ischemia-reperfusion injury model simultaneously with acute blood loss is accompanied by the most significant decrease in the prooxidant/antioxidant ratio value in the liver at all observation periods.
Administration of the carbacetam to the animals with acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion within 7–14 days of the reperfusion period, compared to the animals without treatment, leads to considerable increase in the prooxidant/antioxidant ratio value, indicating the efficacy of the medication in the modelled pathology.
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