ROLE OF THE CYTOKINE LINK IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFLAMMATORY REACTION IN YOUNG PEOPLE WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2020.v.i2.10974Keywords:
gastroesophageal reflux disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, pathogenesis, cytokinesAbstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) are considered as diseases in which the inflammatory reaction triggers the pathogenetic link in the formation and chronicity of nosology. Their combination in young people, despite the benign nature of the course at the initial stage, can subsequently provoke a chronic process and the formation of complications. These problems may be due to changes in the immune system, namely, the cytokine link.
The aim – to investigate the state and the role of the pro-inflammatory immunity link in the content of caspase-1, IL-1b and IL-18 in gastroesophageal reflux disease, in young people with autoimmune thyroiditis.
Material and Methods. The study involved 120 patients with GERD and AIT and 45 people with isolated GERD aged 18 to 25 years. Verification of the AIT diagnosis was performed according to increased content of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. The state of the gland was confirmed by the study of its hormones. The presence of GERD, along with clinical symptoms, was proved by EFGDS with the determination of the state of the mucosal lesion. The content of caspase-1, interleukin 1b and interleukin 18 was determined in the blood serum of patients by enzyme immunoassay.
Results. It was found that the content of caspase-1 in the blood serum of patients with isolated GERD was 2.1 times higher than the norm, while in combination with AIT it increased 2.7 times. The content of IL-1b also exceeded the control indices by 3.9 and 6.5 times, respectively. The content of these cytokines was dependent on the state of the mucous membrane and was maximized in the presence of an erosive process. The average content of IL-18 in the group with comorbid pathology exceeded the norm by almost 8 times against a triple increase in patients with isolated GERD.
Conclusions. GERD and AIT is accompanied by an increase in the synthesis of caspase-1, interleukin 1- and interleukin 18, the content of which depends on morphological changes in the mucous membrane of the esophagus and does not correlate with thyroid function. The increase in interleukin 18 in addition to participating in the pro-inflammatory process provides the autoimmune component of AIT, which contributes to the progression of the disease and the formation of complications.
References
Zhang, J. M., & An, J. (2007). Cytokines, inflammation, and pain. International Anesthesiology Clinics, 45 (2), 27-37. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1097/AIA.0b013e318034194e DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/AIA.0b013e318034194e
Mark D. Turner, Belinda Nedjai, Tara Hurst, Daniel J. Pennington, (2014). Cytokines and chemokines: At the crossroads of cell signalling and inflammatory disease, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA), 1843 (11), 2563-2582. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.014
Kovaleva, A.A., & Velykaya, M.M. (2016) I. I. Mechnikov – osnovatel teorii stareniya i ucheniya o probiotikakh [I. I. Mechnikov – founder of ageing and learning about probiotics]. Рrobl. stareniya i dolgoletiya – Problems of Ageing and Longevity, 25 (1), 11-22 [in Russian].
Chereshnev, V.A., & Chereshneva, M.V. (2011). Immunological mechanisms of local inflammation. Medical Immunology (Russia), 13 (6), 557-568 [in Russian]. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2011-6-557-568 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2011-6-557-568
Lauer, Jacqueline M. (2019). Markers of systemic inflammation and environmental enteric dysfunction are not reduced by zinc or multivitamins in Tanzanian infants: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. The Journal of Pediatrics, 210, 34-40. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.016
Lee, D. J., Du, F., Chen, S. W., Nakasaki, M., Rana, I., Shih, V., Hoffmann, A., & Jamora, C. (2015). Regulation and function of the Caspase-1 in an inflammatory microenvironment. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 135 (8), 2012-2020. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2015.119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2015.119
Tsuchiya, K., Nakajima, S., & Hosojima, S. (2019). Caspase-1 initiates apoptosis in the absence of gasdermin D. Nat. Commun., 10, 2091. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09753-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09753-2
Arend, W.P., Palmer, G., & Gabay, C. (2008). IL-1, IL-18, and IL-33 families of cytokines Immunol. Rev., 223, 20-38. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00624.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00624.x
Koelman, L., Pivovarova-Ramich, O., & Pfeiffer, A.F.H. (2019). Cytokines for evaluation of chronic inflammatory status in ageing research: reliability and phenotypic characterisation. Immun. Ageing, 16, 11. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-019-0151-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-019-0151-1
Altomare, A., Guarino, M. P., Cocca, S., Emerenziani, S., & Cicala, M. (2013). Gastroesophageal reflux disease: Update on inflammation and symptom perception. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 19 (39), 6523-6528. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i39.6523 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i39.6523
Pasiieshvili, T.M. (2019) Otsinka osoblyvostei zmin ta diahnostychnoi informatyvnosti tsytokinovoho profiliu v osib molodoho viku z hastroezofahealnoiu refliuksnoiu khvoroboiu, shcho protikaie na tli avtoimunnoho zapalennia [Evaluation of changes and diagnostic informative cytokine profile in young patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, occurring against background of autoimmune inflammation]. Ukrainskyi terapevtychnyi zhurnal – Ukrainian Therapetic Journal, 3, 16-21. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.30978/UTJ2019-3-16 [in Ukrainian]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30978/UTJ2019-3-16
Clayton, S., Cauble, E., Kumar, A., Patil, N., Ledford, D., Kolliputi, N., Lopes-Virella, M. F., Castell, D., & Richter, J. (2019). Plasma levels of TNF-, IL-6, IFN-, IL-12, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 in achalasia, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). BMC Gastroenterology, 19 (1), 28. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12876-019-0937-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-019-0937-9
Pasiieshvili, T.M. (2019) Autoimmunnaya i vegetativnaya obuslovlennost prolongatsii vosstanovitelnogo perioda u lits molodogo vozrasta s komorbidnostyu gastroezofagealnoy reflyuksnoy boleznyu i autoimmunnogo tyreoidita [Autoimmune and vegetative conditionality of prolongation of recovery period in young patients with comorbidity of gastroesophageal reflux disease and autoimmune thyroiditis]. Klinicheskaya i eksperimentalnaya meditsina – Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2 (151), 143-146. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.29254/2077-4214-2019-2-2-151-143-147. [in Ukrainian]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29254/2077-4214-2019-2-2-151-143-147
Jones, B., Kwok, C., & Kung, A. (1999). Effect of radioactive iodine therapy on cytokine production in Graves’ disease: transient increase in IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha, with longer term increase in IFN-gamma production. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 84, 4106-4110.
Kharintsev, V.V., Serebryakova, O.V., & Serkin, D.M. (2016). Rol nekotorykh pro- i protivovospalitelnykh tsitokinov v techenii endokrinnoy oftalmopatii [Role of some pro- and anti-inflammatory citokines in the course of endocrine ophtalmopathy]. Zabaykalskiy meditsinskiy vestnik – Transbaical Medical Bulletin, 2, 33- 40 [in Russian].
Jiskra, J., Antošová, M., Límanová, Z., Telička, Z., Lacinová Z. (2009) The relationship between thyroid function, serum monokine induced by interferon-gamma and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in thyroid autoimmune diseases. Clin. Experiment. Immunol. 156, 211-216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03897.x
Sapryna, T.V., Prokhorenko, T.S., Reztsova, V.M. (2012). Osobennosti produktsii i retseptsii tsitokinov Th1/Th2-profylya pry bolezni Greyvsa [Features of production and reception of cytokines Th1/Th2 profile at Graves’ disease]. Klinicheskaya i eksperymentalnaya tyreoidologiya – Clinical and Experimental Tyreoidology, 8 (2), 43-49 [in Russian].
Popova, E.V., Smolyahyn, A.Y., & Boev, V.M. (2013). Tsytokinovyy i tyreoidnyy profili pri endemicheskom zobe u lits Yuzhno-Uralskoho regiona [Cytokine and thyroid profiles when endemic goiter in persons of South Ural region]. Tsytokiny i vospalenye – Cytokines and Inflammation, 12 (1), 102-107 [in Russian].
Motylewska, E., Nieć, M., Siejka, A., Komorowski, J., Ławnicka, H., Świętosławski, J., Stępień H. (2015) Decreased serum level of IL-7 in patients with active Graves’ disease. Cytokine 75 (2), 373-379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2015.04.020
Nasonov, E.L., & Elyseev, M.S. (2016). Rol interleykina 1 v razvitii zabolevaniy cheloveka [The role of interleukin 1 in the development of human disease]. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya – Scientific and Pracrical Rheumatology, 54 (1), 60-77 [in Russian].
