THE ROLE OF THE ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN THE FORMATION OF THE HEART VALVES DEFECTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2019.v.i3.10507Keywords:
endothelium, blood vessels, heart valve defectsAbstract
Summary. It is known, that the endothelium is a dynamic system that can be changed, and its structural and functional properties are closely related to numerous local, systemic factors, as well as peculiarities of the structural organization. Damage or activation of endothelial cells disrupts normal regulatory mechanisms and leads to phenotypic changes, generally defined as endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is a disruption of the relationship between factors that support homeostasis and regulate numerous endothelial functions.
The aim – to present current information on the structural and functional properties of endothelium and the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction; to clarify the interdependent effects of vasoactive substances of endothelial origin, primarily nitrogen oxide.
The most significant mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction include impaired metabolism of L-arginine nitric oxide (NO), which is the main effector molecule produced by endothelial cells. Changes in vascular endothelial function may be due both to a decrease in NO synthesis by endothelial cells and to the activation of its degradation processes under conditions of oxidative stress.
Disorders of the functional state of the endothelium have been described in various pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, chronic heart failure, diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction almost naturally develops in rheumatic diseases, as well as in infectious endocarditis as one of the main causes of cardiovascular complications of diseases.
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