STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF CARDIAC REMODELING IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPEROSMOLAR AND HYPOOSMOLAR HYDRATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/1811-2471.2023.v.i4.14294Keywords:
сardiac remodeling, hypo- and hyperosmolar hydration, cardiomyocytes, dystrophic changesAbstract
SUMMARY. Theoretical and practical aspects of structural remodeling of the heart at the organ, tissue, and subcellular levels in acute water-salt imbalance require supplementation due to the increasing incidence of diseases with impaired water-electrolyte homeostasis[1, 3].
The aim – to investigate the features of structural remodeling of the rat heart at the organ, tissue and subcellular levels under conditions of hyperosmolar and hypoosmolar hydration.
Material and Methods. The experiment was performed on 56 male rats weighing 120–200 g, which were divided into 3 groups: control, experimental hyper- and hypoosmotic. An experimental model of hyperosmolar hydration was created by intravenously injecting of 25 % mannitol solution at the rate of 1 ml per 100 g of body, and hypotonic hydration was created by intraperitoneal injection of bidistilled water at the rate of 20–40 % of body weight. Morphological studies were performed according to standard methods.
Results. The analysis of planimetric studies of the ventricular endocardial surface area showed that at the 15th minute of hyperosmolar hydration the endocardial surface of the right ventricle decreased, but at the 30th minute of the experiment this index approached the control values. At the same time, in hyposmolar hydration, cardiac remodeling is manifested by an increase in the endocardial surface of the right ventricle and a decrease in the left ventricle. Submicroscopic examination revealed an alternative restructuring of the stromal matrix, energy and contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes in both types of experimental hydration. Under the conditions of hypoosmolar hydration, the phenomena of pronounced cellular swelling, destruction of cristae and outer membrane in all mitochondria, as well as areas of contractile changes in myofibrils were detected. In hyperosmolar hydration, on the contrary, the damage to ultrastructures was less pronounced and was manifested by the destruction of mitochondrial cristae and myofibril contractures.
Conclusions. Therefore, in hyper- and hypoosmolar hydration, morphological manifestations of cardiac remodeling can be interpreted as a manifestation of dystrophic and compensatory-adaptive changes in the myocardium.
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