FEATURES OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL ALTERATION OF BLOOD VESSELS OF THE KIDNEYS UNDER CONDITION OF ACUTE POISOING OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

Abstract

As you know, the kidneys play an important detoxification role in the body. All poisonous substances that enter the body are derived from it, mainly in three ways: filtration, excretion and secretion. One such substance is acetylsalicylic acid. Its toxic effects in large doses and, if used erroneously, can lead to severe poisoning, often with lethal consequences. Moreover, the prevalence of aspirin-containing anesthetic products that are found in almost every household makes them commonly available sources of unintentional and suicidal admission. In particular, the use of salicylates continues to be a frequent cause of poisoning in children and teena­gers.

The aim of the study – to determine the features of morphofunctional reorganization of blood vessels of the kidneys under severe acute poisoning with acetylsalicylic acid of a severe degree and their quantitative characteristics.

Materials and Methods. Experiments were performed on 24 white laboratory mature male rats. Among them 12 animals were in control group; another 12 rats received once a day pre-gastric acetylsalicylic acid at a dose of 500 mg per 1 kg of body weight for the simulation of severe toxicity. The research was conducted using injection, roentgenagiographic, histologic, morphometric and statistical techniques.

Results and Discussion. It has been established that in severe cases of acute poisoning with acetylsalicylic acid in the kidneys, there are pronounced morphofunctional signs of organ blood circulatory disorders, which manifest themselves as a significant congestive venous plethora. In response to this, the arterial section of the blood vessel is reflexively responsive to an increase in the tone of the intercellular arteries and arterioles with a decrease in their throughput, which may be a protective response to prevent haemodynamic overload of the hemomycocirculatory link and is described in the scientific literature as a reflex of Kitaev. At the same time there is a compensatory expansion of the lumen with an increase in the capacity of the arc and particle arteries. The revealed vascular reactions can be the reason for the development of functional and dystrophic changes in the structural components of the parenchyma of the organ as a morphological substrate of renal failure, which is fully consistent with modern ideas about the mechanisms of development of organ failure.

Conclusions. In the severe degree of acute poisoning with acetylsalicylic acid in rat kidneys, there are pronounced morphofunctional signs of organ blood circulation disorders, which consist in stagnant venous full blood flow, reflex increase in tone between interstitial arteries and arterioles and compensatory enlargement of the lumen of the arcuate and interstitial arteries. The revealed vascular reactions can be the reason for the development of functional and dystrophic changes in the structural components of the parenchyma of the organ as a morphological substrate of renal insufficiency.