MODERN METHODS OF TREATMENT OF BONE DEFECTS OF THE JAWS FORMED AFTER REMOVAL OF RADICULAR CYSTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2415-8798.2018.3.9403Keywords:
bone defects of the jaw, radicular cyst, osteoplasty, cell therapyAbstract
In the practice of surgical dentistry, 40.6 % of operations in an outpatient admission are operations for radicular jaw cysts. The radical method of surgical treatment the cystectomy is mainly used. If, after surgery, the wound heals under the blood clot, then the reparative regeneration of the bone tissue in the jaw defect area proceeds slowly, which is confirmed by the data of the X-ray examination. Therefore, the development of new methods of optimizing the effect on reparative osteogenesis is actual for modern medicine and dentistry. During the last decade, scientific research and clinical practice have made significant progress in solving this problem.
The aim of the study – to carry out an in-depth analysis of modern professional literature devoted to modern methods of treatment of intraosseous defects of the jaws that were formed after removal of radicular cysts.
Materials and Methods. The search, review, analysis and systematization of professional publications devoted to the problem of the application of modern methods of treatment of intraosseus defects of the jaw formed after radicular removal of jaw cysts have been carried out in the funds of the scientific library of the Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University and in the well-known science-information databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, SciVerse, Embase).
Results and Discussion. Today, all existing bone plastic materials, depending on their origin, are divided into several groups, namely autogenous, allogeneic, xenogenic, alloplastic (synthetic, artificially synthesized bone substitutes) and composite. By the severity of the inductive potential, all materials for the replacement of bone tissue can be divided into osteoinductive, osteoconductive, osteoneutral and materials to provide directional tissue regeneration. Materials belonging to the above groups have both positive properties and disadvantages. Scientific researches of recent years have shown that the highest osteoinductive potential has an autogenous bone, in connection with which it is considered a "gold standard", but the lack of ease and the possibility of obtaining in sufficient quantities significantly limits its use. In recent years widespread methods of cell therapy have been developed, which are based on the use of osteogenic cells derived from various tissue sources: peripheral blood, bone marrow, adipose tissue, periosteum, etc. With the accumulation and analysis of data relating to cellular engineering, a new trend is being formed: the development of various constructions for its biological properties, approaching native bone tissue. Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) derived from these tissues can be differentiated into fibroblasts, as well as into bone marrow cells. Technologies of formation of bone cell layer on artificial carriers and in biomaterials by directed osteodifferentiation of mesenchymal stromal stem cells have been developed. These technologies are used to correct the size and shape of the jaw, other operations in the maxillofacial area, to replace bone defects after cystectomy.
Conclusions. The filling of bone wound formed after the removal of radicular cysts by various modern osteoplastic materials provides prevention of secondary infection of the wound, acceleration of regeneration of bone tissue in the area of defect and restoration of form and function of the jaws, promotes faster dental rehabilitation of patients.
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