ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION OF LASER RADIATION IN THE PROCESS OF ORTHODONTIC MOVEMENT OF TEETH AND SUGGESTIONS REGARDING THE TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT

Abstract

The process of comprehensive orthodontic treatment is characterized by a long-term duration and the high probability of the development of adverse effects. The researchers have proved a positive influence of the laser in the process of orthodontic teeth movement, but the issue of selecting the appropriate characteristics of laser radiation and the development of the new modified approaches to its application requires further investigations.

The aim of the study – to review and analyse the results of researchers on the laser radiation application in the process of orthodontic tooth movement, and to represent recommendations for the designing of a new model of low-level laser device.

Materials and Methods. The content analysis of the scientific publications devoted to the investigated problem has allowed to highlight the works in which its solution was most fully disclosed and has given the author an opportunity to represent his own recommendations on the improvement of laser radiation systems.Results and Discussion. Most researchers confirm the effectiveness of laser radiation in the process of orthodontic tooth movement, although some of them did not notice any positive effect. According to the first studies, laser radiation favours the fusion of mononuclear macrophages for the maturation of osteoblasts, an increase of their quantity and the acceleration of the mineralized bone tissue formation in the stretching area. In other studies, there were noted: an increase of the collagen synthesis, a positive effect on the expression of metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin K and alpha (v) beta (3) integrin and the maintenance of initial parameters of bone tissue mineral density. Further studies largely confirmed the preliminary results of the tooth movement speed increase by 20–40 % and noted the acceleration of the pulp tissues regeneration, and thus – the minimization of the irreversible complications’ risk and a significant reduction in pain sensations. Following on from the results of the conducted analyses and on the basis of his own practical experience, the author emphasises the following recommendations for the development of a new model of low intensity laser apparatus: 1) the use of luminophores in the laser construction and the selection of handpieces with different output parameters; 2) use of the technology of selective dimensional metal plates’ etching; 3) construction of collapsible laser systems; 4) the wavelength must be 810 nm.

Conclusions. To establish the mechanism of laser radiation influence on the orthodontic movement of teeth, it is necessary to provide additional morphometric, X-ray, histological and clinical studies.