THE IMPACT OF REHABILITATION MEASURES ON THE COGNITIVE STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

Abstract

Introduction. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a global medical and social problem characterized by high mortality and disability rates. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to cognitive impairments accompanying the course of IHD, which are detected in more than 40 % of patients. These disorders, caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, significantly deteriorate patients’ quality of life and reduce their adherence to treatment. In this context, the search for effective non-pharmacological methods for correcting cognitive status is relevant.

The aim of the study – to summarize and analyze current scientific data on the impact of various types of rehabilitation interventions — physical training, cognitive-behavioral programs, telerehabilitation, and multidisciplinary approaches — on the cognitive status of patients with ischemic heart disease.

The main part. A systematic analysis of scientific sources from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases over the last 10 years was conducted. It was determined that comprehensive rehabilitation programs demonstrate the most pronounced positive effect on cognitive functions (memory, attention, executive functions). Regular aerobic exercise contributes to improving cerebral perfusion and stimulating neuroplasticity by increasing the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Combining physical activity with cognitive training provides a synergistic effect that exceeds the results of isolated interventions. Special attention is paid to the implementation of telerehabilitation technologies and mobile applications, which increase the accessibility of rehabilitation and patient motivation, especially in the elderly, ensuring the continuity of the recovery process in outpatient settings.

Conclusions. Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation is a powerful tool for the prevention and correction of cognitive dysfunctions in IHD. The integration of physical, cognitive, and psycho-emotional components allows not only for restoring somatic status but also for preserving patients’ mental health. A promising direction for further research is the development of standardized, personalized rehabilitation protocols taking into account the individual cognitive profiles of patients.