PHYSICAL REHABILITATION FOR BONE FRACTURES OF THE LOWER LIMBS

Abstract

Introduction. Recently, the direction of rehabilitation in medicine has been expanding, the basis of which is the step-by-step restorative complex treatment of diseases and injuries. Physical rehabilitation prevents complications that may arise from various diseases and injuries, accelerates the restoration of the functions of organs and systems, trains and tightens the body, restores work capacity, and reduces the likelihood of disability. Physical rehabilitation for fractures of the bones of the lower limbs plays an important role in restoring the functions of the limb, preventing complications and improving the general condition of the patient. It includes a set of measures aimed at restoring joint mobility, strengthening muscles, improving coordination and preventing muscle atrophy. Rehabilitation takes place in several stages depending on the stage of treatment and features of the fracture

The aim of the study – to justify the use of physical rehabilitation for fractures of the lower extremities.

The main part. Periods of physical rehabilitation include: 1. Immobilization period (bone fusion stage). 2. Post-union period (after plaster removal). 3. Functional period (full restoration of functions). They are determined by duration, main tasks and physical exercises. With a femur fracture, rehabilitation is difficult due to the large muscle masses surrounding the femur. With a fracture of the tibia (fibia and fibula), due to the high risk of atrophy of the leg muscles, it is important to start isometric exercises even during immobilization. After the fusion of the bones in the case of a foot fracture, the functions of support and balance are restored. There are a number of principles in physical rehabilitation: gradualism, this is when to start with light exercises and gradually increase their intensity; regularity of daily exercises to achieve maximum efficiency; individual approach – the rehabilitation program is selected depending on the characteristics of the patient, the type of fracture and the degree of recovery; pain control allows you to avoid sudden movements or heavy loads that can cause pain or damage.

Conclusions. Physical rehabilitation after bone fractures of the lower extremities is an integral part of treatment and requires close cooperation between the patient and medical specialists to achieve optimal results.