FEATURES OF CONTRACTURE OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES

Authors

  • O. S. Tsymbal I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University
  • L. V. Novakova I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11603/2411-1597.2024.4.15047

Keywords:

contracture, amplitude, movement in the joint

Abstract

Introduction. Contracture (lat. contractura – tightening, narrowing) is a limitation of the amplitude of movements in a joint caused by pathological changes in soft tissues. Obviously, any restriction of passive mobility leads to a decrease in active movements in the joint. The complete absence of both passive and active movements in the joint due to fusion of bone ends is called ankylosis. In addition to restriction of movement, another symptom is also typical for contracture – early muscle atrophy, which is usually persistent.

The aim of the study to justify the reasons for limiting the amplitude of movements in the lower limbs.

The main part. Contractures can be either congenital (it is an element of various malformations of the musculoskeletal system, such as clubfoot, torticollis, arthrogryposis, congenital club-handedness, etc.; such contractures sometimes occur multiple times and can be combined with other anomalies of the limbs), or acquired. Acquired contractures are movement restrictions that occur due to local traumatic, inflammatory, reactive or dystrophic pathologies in the joint itself or in its surrounding tissues, such as skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, ligaments, tendons, vessels and nerves. The frequency of contractures in limb injuries is 69 %, and in orthopedic diseases – 19 %. A contracture in any joint of a limb, even if it is small, can cause serious functional and static disorders. For example, with contractures in the joints of the lower limbs, patients lose the ability to move freely. In severe cases, the disease leads to retardation of the development of the affected limb, deformation of the spine and flat feet on the healthy leg. Contractures of the hand joints become obvious and completely dysfunctional. The fingers cease to function, which limits self-care and work activities.

Conclusion. Contracture of one of the joints of the limb can cause development in the adjacent joints, which functionally compensates for the primary deformation. Such an installation is functionally adaptive (compensatory). At first, this contraction has a reflex myogenic character, but later all tissues within the joint change.

References

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Published

2024-12-24

How to Cite

Tsymbal, O. S., & Novakova, L. V. (2024). FEATURES OF CONTRACTURE OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES. Nursing, (4), 62–64. https://doi.org/10.11603/2411-1597.2024.4.15047

Issue

Section

Матеріали конференції