PREDICTION OF RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOLOGY DISEASES FROM THE POSITION OF A NURSE

Authors

  • V. B. Boichuk I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University
  • O. P. Mialiuk MIHE “Rivne Medical Academy” of Rivne Regional Council
  • M. I. Marushchak I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11603/2411-1597.2023.3-4.14547

Keywords:

nurse, cardiovascular pathology, obesity

Abstract

Introduction. The World Health Organization estimates that cardiovascular disease is responsible for 32 % of deaths worldwide and, interestingly, 85 % of deaths are caused by heart attacks and strokes. Due to the high overall economic costs of cardiovascular disease, there is an urgent need to develop and implement effective and targeted primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease, especially in low- and middle-income countries where public financial resources are severely limited.

The aim of the study – is to analyze the main epidemiological, and socio-economic risk factors of cardiac patients to develop preventive strategies from the position of a nurse.

The main part. 124 patients with cardiovascular diseases who were in hospital treatment were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was calculated, which was interpreted according to WHO recommendations: normal body weight – 20.0–24.9 kg/m2; excessive body weight (obesity) – 25.0–29.9 kg/m2; obesity – ≥30.0 kg/m2. To determine significant risk factors for cardiac pathology, patients were surveyed using a self-developed questionnaire.

It was established that among patients with cardiac pathology, patients with obesity (54.84 %) and overweight (32.26 %) prevailed. When analyzing risk factors for cardiac pathology, taking into account BMI, it was found that overweight and obese patients have the same type of changes as the general data, while male gender and living in rural areas were characteristic of patients with normal body weight. Among patients with cardiac pathology, middle-aged (62.90 %) and elderly (26.61 %) patients predominated. When analyzing the risk factors of cardiac pathology taking into account the age group, it was found that patients of different ages are characterized by the same type of changes with general data, except for the marital status of young cardiac patients, where single, married and divorced patients were found to the same extent. At the same time, the number of physically inactive patients, as well as those who eat semi-finished products, increases with age, while almost all patients, regardless of age, do not smoke. Although the incidence of cardiovascular disease is generally lower in women than in men, women have a higher mortality and worse prognosis after acute cardiovascular events.

Conclusions. In patients with cardiac pathology, the main risk factors are overweight and obesity, as well as older and advanced age, while the protective factors are normal body weight, male gender, and rural area.

References

GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators (2020). Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet (London, England), 396(10258), 1204-1222. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9

Mensah, G.A., Roth, G.A., & Fuster, V. (2019). The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors: 2020 and Beyond. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 74(20), 2529-2532. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.009

Roth, G.A., Mensah, G.A., Johnson, C.O., Addolorato, G., Ammirati, E., Baddour, L.M., Barengo, N.C., … GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group (2020). Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 76(25), 2982-3021. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.021

World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Key facts. www.who.int. Accessed January 10, 2023.

Yusuf, S., Joseph, P., Rangarajan, S., Islam, S., Mente, A., Hystad, P., Brauer, M., … Dagenais, G. (2020). Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet (London, England), 395(10226), 795-808. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2

Ruan, Y., Guo, Y., Zheng, Y., Huang, Z., Sun, S., Kowal, P., Shi, Y., & Wu, F. (2018). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors among older adults in six low-and middle-income countries: results from SAGE Wave 1. BMC public health, 18(1), 778. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5653-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5653-9

Workina, A., Habtamu, A., Diribsa, T., & Abebe, F. (2022). Knowledge of modifiable cardiovascular diseases risk factors and its primary prevention practices among diabetic patients at Jimma University Medical Centre: A cross-sectional study. PLOS global public health, 2(7), e0000575. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000575. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000575

Bdair, I.A. (2022). Assessment of Cardiovascular Diseases Knowledge and Risk Factors Among Adult Population in the South Region of Saudi Arabia. Clinical nursing research, 31(4), 598-606. DOI: 10.1177/10547738211060602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10547738211060602

Bashatah, A., Syed, W., & Al-Rawi, M.B.A. (2023). Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Its Primary Prevention Practices Among the Saudi Public - A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study. International journal of general medicine, 16, 4745-4756. DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S433472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S433472

Syed, W., Menaka, M., Parimalakrishnan, S., & Yamasani, V.V. (2022). Evaluation of the association between social determinants and health-related quality of life among diabetic patients attending an outpatient clinic in the Warangal region, Telangana, India. J. Diabetol., 13(3), 285. DOI: 10.4103/jod.jod_51_22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jod.jod_51_22

Petersen, K.S., & Kris-Etherton, P.M. (2021). Diet Quality Assessment and the Relationship between Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Nutrients, 13(12), 4305. DOI: 10.3390/nu13124305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124305

Maas, A.H., & Appelman, Y.E. (2010). Gender differences in coronary heart disease. Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation, 18(12), 598-602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-010-0841-y

Walli-Attaei, M., Joseph, P., Rosengren, A., Chow, C.K., Rangarajan, S., Lear, S.A., AlHabib, K.F., … Yusuf, S. (2020). Variations between women and men in risk factors, treatments, cardiovascular disease incidence, and death in 27 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet (London, England), 396(10244), 97-109. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30543-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30543-2

Desai, R., Patel, U., Parekh, T., Hanna, B., Sitammagari, K., Fong, H. K., Lodhi, M. U., … Sachdeva, R. (2020). Nationwide Trends in Prevalent Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diseases in Young Adults: Differences by Sex and Race and In-Hospital Outcomes. Southern medical journal, 113(6), 311-319. DOI: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001106

Lee, C.M.Y., Mnatzaganian, G., Woodward, M., Chow, C.K., Sitas, F., Robinson, S., & Huxley, R.R. (2019). Sex disparities in the management of coronary heart disease in general practices in Australia. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 105(24), 1898-1904. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315134

Published

2024-03-29

How to Cite

Boichuk, V. B., Mialiuk, O. P., & Marushchak, M. I. (2024). PREDICTION OF RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOLOGY DISEASES FROM THE POSITION OF A NURSE. Nursing, (3-4), 79–85. https://doi.org/10.11603/2411-1597.2023.3-4.14547

Issue

Section

Articles