PREDICTION OF RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOLOGY DISEASES FROM THE POSITION OF A NURSE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2411-1597.2023.3-4.14547Keywords:
nurse, cardiovascular pathology, obesityAbstract
Introduction. The World Health Organization estimates that cardiovascular disease is responsible for 32 % of deaths worldwide and, interestingly, 85 % of deaths are caused by heart attacks and strokes. Due to the high overall economic costs of cardiovascular disease, there is an urgent need to develop and implement effective and targeted primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease, especially in low- and middle-income countries where public financial resources are severely limited.
The aim of the study – is to analyze the main epidemiological, and socio-economic risk factors of cardiac patients to develop preventive strategies from the position of a nurse.
The main part. 124 patients with cardiovascular diseases who were in hospital treatment were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was calculated, which was interpreted according to WHO recommendations: normal body weight – 20.0–24.9 kg/m2; excessive body weight (obesity) – 25.0–29.9 kg/m2; obesity – ≥30.0 kg/m2. To determine significant risk factors for cardiac pathology, patients were surveyed using a self-developed questionnaire.
It was established that among patients with cardiac pathology, patients with obesity (54.84 %) and overweight (32.26 %) prevailed. When analyzing risk factors for cardiac pathology, taking into account BMI, it was found that overweight and obese patients have the same type of changes as the general data, while male gender and living in rural areas were characteristic of patients with normal body weight. Among patients with cardiac pathology, middle-aged (62.90 %) and elderly (26.61 %) patients predominated. When analyzing the risk factors of cardiac pathology taking into account the age group, it was found that patients of different ages are characterized by the same type of changes with general data, except for the marital status of young cardiac patients, where single, married and divorced patients were found to the same extent. At the same time, the number of physically inactive patients, as well as those who eat semi-finished products, increases with age, while almost all patients, regardless of age, do not smoke. Although the incidence of cardiovascular disease is generally lower in women than in men, women have a higher mortality and worse prognosis after acute cardiovascular events.
Conclusions. In patients with cardiac pathology, the main risk factors are overweight and obesity, as well as older and advanced age, while the protective factors are normal body weight, male gender, and rural area.
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