EXPERIENCE OF IMMUNIZATION IN UKRAINE AND WORLDWIDE

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11603/2411-1597.2023.3-4.14360

Keywords:

vaccination, immunization, vaccine hesitancy, anti-vaccination movement

Abstract

Introduction. Immunization is one of the most effective health interventions aimed at saving lives and improving health.

The aim of the study – to explore the experience of immunization in Ukraine and the world to highlight the role of vaccine hesitancy among the population and its impact on the implementation of the global vaccination program.

The main part. World Health Organization defines immunization as the process of acquiring immunity or resistance to infectious diseases as a result of the introduction of a vaccine to a person. Recently, the list of diseases that can be prevented by vaccination has been expanded to 25. In Ukraine, over the past 10 years, due to the strengthening of the anti-vaccination movement, the number of vaccinated children has been constantly decreasing: if in 2009, about 80 % of children under one year old were vaccinated against poliomyelitis and diphtheria, and 80 % of one-year-olds – from measles, then in 2016 – 20 % from diphtheria and 45 % from measles. Most European countries support a policy of voluntary vaccination, although there are countries where vaccination is mandatory. Restrictive or incentive measures are often used to improve vaccination coverage. Despite the undisputed scientific understanding of the public health benefits of vaccines, there is no similar consensus when it comes to individual choice. The WHO recognized the anti-vaccination movement as one of the main threats to humanity. Vaccine hesitancy is described as a continuum between full acceptance and outright refusal of immunization and may involve one or more vaccines. Among the factors that determine adherence to vaccination are satisfaction, convenience and confidence in vaccines.

Conclusions. Vaccination is free and voluntary in most countries of the world, but issues related to trust and commitment to immunoprophylaxis of the population in the world are still very relevant. Vaccine hesitancy is a menacing phenomenon that leads to geographic outbreaks in both high- and low-income countries and requires attention at both the micro and macro levels to be successfully addressed. Trust at different levels of the system is essential in combating vaccine hesitancy. Vaccination acceptance and coverage rates must be substantial for a global vaccination program to be successful.

Author Biography

N. B. Haliyash, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University

Доцент

References

(2020). WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system. 2020 global summary. Retrieved from: https://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/globalsummary/countries?countrycriteria[country]=UKR.

(1959). Deklaratsiia prav dytyny: Pryiniata rezoliutsiieiu 1386 (KhIV) Heneralnoi Asamblei OON vid 20 lystopada 1959 roku : neofitsiinyi pereklad [Declaration of the Rights of the Child: Adopted by resolution 1386 (XIV) of the UN General Assembly of November 20, 1959: unofficial translation]. Retrieved from: https://zakononline.com.ua/documents/show/140610___140610 [in Ukrainian].

Pashkov, V., & Hutorova, N. (2020). Imunoprofilaktyka v mekhanizmi zabezpechennia ta zakhystu prava na zdorovia [Immunoprophylaxis in the mechanism of ensuring and protecting the right to health]. Pravo Ukrainy – Law of Ukraine, 3, 61-84 [in Ukrainian].

(2019). Vaktsynatsiia: chomu ukraintsi boiatsia shcheplen? [Vaccination: why are Ukrainians afraid of vaccinations?]. BBC News Ukraine. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-48040635 [in Ukrainian].

(2017). Faktory vplyvu na prykhylnist batkiv shchodo vaktsynatsii: rezultaty doslidzhennia [Factors influencing parental adherence to vaccination: research findings]. NGO “Analytical Center “Socioconsulting”. Retrieved from: https://sociocon.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/187.pdf [in Ukrainian].

(2023). Imunizatsiia [Immunization]. Derzhavna ustanova «Tsentr hromadskoho zdorovia Ministerstva okhorony zdorovia Ukrainy» – State institution “Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”. Retrieved from: https://www.phc.org.ua/kontrol-zakhvoryuvan/imunizaciya [in Ukrainian].

Shefer, A., Briss, P., Rodewald, L., Bernier, R., Strikas, R., Yusuf, H., Ndiaye, S., Wiliams, S., Pappaioanou, M., & Hinman, A.R. (1999). Improving immunization coverage rates: an evidence-based review of the literature. Epidemiologic reviews, 21(1), 96-142. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017992

Frenkel, L.D. (2018). Infectious diseases as a cause of global childhood mortality and morbidity: Progress in recognition, prevention, and treatment. Adv. Pediatr. Res., 5, 14. DOI: 10.24105/apr.2018.5.14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24105/apr.2018.5.14

Frenkel, L.D. (2021). The global burden of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases in children less than 5 years of age: Implications for COVID-19 vaccination. How can we do better? Allergy and asthma proceedings, 42(5), 378-385. DOI: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.210065. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2021.42.210065

GBD 2015 LRI Collaborators (2017). Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory tract infections in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 17(11), 1133-1161. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30396-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30396-1

(2000). Pro zakhyst naselennia vid infektsiinykh khvorob: Zakon Ukrainy za stanom na 7.09.2023 r. [On the protection of the population from infectious diseases: Law of Ukraine as of September 7, 2023]. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy – Information of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Kyiv, No. 29, Article 228 [in Ukrainian].

(2023). Yak rehuliuiut pytannia vaktsynatsii u riznykh krainakh svitu [How vaccination issues are regulated in different countries of the world]. Sait Ministerstva okhorony zdorovia Ukrainy – Website of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. moz.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://moz.gov.ua/article/health/jak-reguljujut-pitannja-vakcinacii-u-riznih-krainah-svitu [in Ukrainian].

MacDonald, N.E., & SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine, 33(34), 4161-4164. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036

Galagali, P.M., Kinikar, A.A., & Kumar, V.S. (2022). Vaccine Hesitancy: Obstacles and Challenges. Current pediatrics reports, 10(4), 241-248. DOI: 10.1007/s40124-022-00278-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40124-022-00278-9

Global COVID-19 vaccination strategic vision for 2022. SAGE meeting October 2021 (2021). World Health Organisation. Retrieved from: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/immunization/sage/covid/globalcovid-19-vaccination-strategic-vision-for-2022_sage-yellowbook.pdf.

Wellcome global monitor: How does the world feel about science and health? (2019). Wellcome.org. Retrieved from: https://wellcome.org/sites/default/files/wellcome-global-monitor-2018.pdf.

Wagner, A.L., Masters, N.B., Domek, G.J., Mathew, J.L., Sun, X., Asturias, E.J., Ren, J., Huang, Z., Contreras-Roldan, I.L., Gebremeskel, B., & Boulton, M.L. (2019). Comparisons of Vaccine Hesitancy across Five Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Vaccines, 7(4), 155. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040155

Bakhache, P., Rodrigo, C., Davie, S., Ahuja, A., Sudovar, B., Crudup, T., & Rose, M. (2013). Health care providers’ and parents’ attitudes toward administration of new infant vaccines – a multinational survey. European journal of pediatrics, 172(4), 485-492. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-012-1904-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-012-1904-4

Solís Arce, J.S., Warren, S.S., Meriggi, N.F., Scacco, A., McMurry, N., Voors, M., Syunyaev, G., … Omer, S.B. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries. Nature medicine, 27(8), 1385-1394. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01454-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.11.21253419

Aw, J., Seng, J.J.B., Seah, S.S.Y., & Low, L.L. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy-A Scoping Review of Literature in High-Income Countries. Vaccines, 9(8), 900. DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080900. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080900

World Health Organisation (2021). Vaccine equity. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/campaigns/vaccine-equity.

Published

2024-03-29

How to Cite

Volochiy, N. I., & Haliyash, N. B. (2024). EXPERIENCE OF IMMUNIZATION IN UKRAINE AND WORLDWIDE. Nursing, (3-4), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.11603/2411-1597.2023.3-4.14360

Issue

Section

Articles