THE FEATURES OF THE MEDICAL NURSE’S WORK IN THE MANIPULATION ROOM WHEN SIDE EFFECTS OF MEDICATIONS OCCUR IN PATIENTS

Abstract

Introduction. Anaphylaxis is an allergic disease with life-threatening respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms that requires immediate treatment. Since the occurrence of anaphylaxis is unpredictable, determining its frequency and nature is important for prognosis, prevention, and treatment.

The aim of the study – to evaluate patients with symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment indicative of anaphylaxis in the procedural rooms of various departments, such as therapeutic, surgical, orthopedic-traumatological, and the departments of resuscitation and intensive care. The secondary goal was to describe the severity of anaphylactic reactions, symptoms, and treatment administered by the nurse in the procedural room. The prospective study was conducted based on the analysis of questionnaires completed by nurses in the procedural rooms of all the aforementioned departments.

The main part. The prevalence of anaphylaxis throughout life in the general population is estimated at approximately 0.05–2.0 %, with variable incidence rates (hereinafter referred to as IR) ranging from 1.5 to 7.9 cases per 100,000 person-years in Europe to 42 cases per 100,000 person-years in the United States. The most severe cases of anaphylaxis are usually associated with symptoms involving the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Nevertheless, diagnosing anaphylaxis can be challenging in patients with multiple symptoms, without a clear allergological history, and in the absence of manifestations on the skin and mucous membranes. The acute onset of anaphylaxis, variability of symptoms, and their rapid and unpredictable nature can pose challenges in diagnosis and timely intervention. Adrenaline is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, but research indicates that not all patients receive this treatment.

Conclusions. Anaphylaxis is a serious, life-threatening reaction of generalized or systemic hypersensitivity. Most symptoms of anaphylaxis manifest acutely and progress rapidly over a short period. Therefore, it is crucial for nurses in procedural rooms, who are often the first to encounter anaphylaxis in patients, to be able to diagnose and provide emergency medical assistance according to the protocol.