РОЛЬ МЕДСЕСТРИ У ПРОФІЛАКТИЦІ КАРДІОЛОГІЧНИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2411-1597.2024.1.14653Ключові слова:
захворювання серцево-судинної системи, виховна діяльність медсестер, медсестринський догляд у кардіології, роль медсестер у профілактичній кардіологіїАнотація
Вступ. Основною загрозою у світі залишаються серцево-судинні захворювання, такі, як ішемічна хвороба серця, легенева гіпертензія, серцева недостатність, інсульт, ревматична хвороба серця та артеріальна гіпертензія. Медсестри відіграють важливу роль у профілактиці та лікуванні серцево-судинних захворювань, а стратегія їх роботи спрямована на мінімізацію захворювань серця людей.
Мета роботи – вивчити сприйняття медсестрами своєї ролі та досвіду щодо залучення до профілактики серцево-судинних захворювань.
Основна частина. Дослідження ґрунтувалося на аналізі наукових джерел інформації із зазначеної тематики. Дванадцять мільйонів медсестер утворюють найбільшу медичну когорту, яка займається управлінням факторами ризику розвитку серцево-судинних захворювань і хронічних захворювань загалом у всьому світі. Згідно з новими рекомендаціями, представленими на науковій сесії Американської колегії кардіологів 2019 р., до 80 % серцево-судинних захворювань можна запобігти, причому лікарські препарати роблять лише 10–20 % внеску в цю профілактику, тоді як основна роль належить змінам способу життя. Медсестри відіграють важливу роль у зміцненні та мотивації пацієнтів вносити зміни і дотримуватися здорового способу життя. Тому вони повинні навчитися використовувати інноваційні освітні стратегії, наприклад мотиваційні бесіди. До ключових аспектів ролі медсестер у здоров’ї серця належать зміцнення здоров’я та знання, скринінг і раннє виявлення, оцінка та моніторинг пацієнтів, невідкладна серцево-судинна допомога, реабілітація і лікування хронічних захворювань, програми роботи з громадськістю та профілактика, адвокація і підтримка.
Висновки. Втручання під керівництвом медсестер відіграє важливу роль у профілактиці серцево-судинних захворювань, адже вони ефективно протидіють факторам ризику шляхом навчання пацієнтів вести здоровий спосіб життя, впровадження спеціальних кардіологічних програм боротьби із серцево-судинними захворюваннями та проведення успішної реабілітації пацієнтів, які перенесли тяжкі серцево-судинні події.
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