Selection of Diagnostic Methods for Chronic Periodontitis in Clinical Studies: A Structured Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2311-9624.2024.3.14977Keywords:
diagnostics, periodontitis, chronic periodontitis, clinical trialsAbstract
Summary. The recent introduction of a "Periodontology" specialty, as well as new requirements for dissertations such as publication in international Q1, Q2 journals necessitate updates in Ukrainian clinical practices and training in periodontics.
The aim of the study – to assess diagnostic methods for periodontitis used in clinical trials, comparing approaches in Ukrainian and English-language scientific articles to guide optimal methods selection.
Materials and Methods. Following PRISMA guidelines, a review of PubMed and Google Scholar identified diagnostic methods used in periodontitis clinical trials, analyzing articles from 2023 to August 2024. Searches used keywords "chronic periodontitis clinical trial" in both English and Ukrainian.
Results and Discussion. Among the English-language sources, the vast majority of study designs correspond to randomised controlled trials conducted in accordance with registered protocols. The primary results are recorded according to such indicators as the hygiene index, the additional gingival index, depth measurements of the pocket and the level of attachment and gingival bleeding. Most of these criteria are assessed by a periodontogram, so its registration is the basis for diagnosis, clinical prognosis and further statistical processing. Ukrainian sources use an excessive number of indicators that are not available in international peer-reviewed journals. In contrast, the Materials and Methods section miss information about the design, randomisation, null hypothesis, and pre-registered protocols, as professional journals do not require this information. Authors often overlook comparisons between trial groups at the end of the study, though these comparisons are essential for determining clinical benefit.
Conclusions. The periodontogram is an essential tool for diagnosing periodontitis, while patient self-assessment is valuable for objectivity and comparative analysis. Statistical methods that avoid averaging, like multivariate regression analysis, are necessary to account for multiple influencing factors. Additional criteria are needed to capture effects, as current clinical measurements offer only moderate informativeness.
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