Functional status of muscles of the dentoalveolar apparatus before and after treatment of children with anomalies of bite and speech disorders

Abstract

During the examination of orthodontic patients, children with speech disorders were found. The myodynamic balance of antagonistic muscles and synergistic muscles is the relative stability of masticatory and mimic muscles, which for a long time persists without noticeable oscillations, contributes to the relatively stable state of dentoalveolar apparatus.

The aim of the study – to determine the functional status of muscles of the dentoalveolar apparatus before and after treatment of children with anomalies of bite and speech disorders.

Materials and Methods. To achieve study objectives for treatment we selected 44 patients with severe orthodontic pathology and speech disorders, with normal hearing and intellect. The method of a total (surface) electromyography was used to determine and analyze the indices of bioelectric activity of the muscles.

Results and Discussion. There was normalization of parameters of bioelectric activity, decrease of parafunctional manifestations in muscles and decrease of the frequency of outbreaks of spontaneous activity of muscles at rest; normalization of the average amplitude of biopotentials in the state of activity, absence of fragmentation, improvement of synchronization and coordination of contractions of examined muscles in all pathologies of dental occlusion after the treatment.

Conclusions. The orthodontic treatment performed provided the restoration of the neuromuscular balance of the dentoalveolar apparatus of patients with various dental occlusion pathologies, which has a beneficial effect on the correction of speech disorders.