Study of the immunological status of oral fluid in children with oligophrenia with major dental diseases

Abstract

Summary. High intensity and prevalence of diseases of hard tissues of teeth and periodontium in children burdened with chronic somatic pathology are associated with the restructuring of the immunobiological state of the child’s body. This is especially true for children with psychoneurological developmental deviations, since the prevalence of somatic diseases in them is quite high. It is known that cytokines reflect the immunological status of a person, they have a powerful pro-inflammatory and catabolic activity, and the state of immunity of the organism depends on the balance of the cytokine regulation.

The aim of the study – to learn the cytokine profile of the oral fluid in children-oligophrenic patients.

Materials and Methods. The study of the immunological state of oral fluid was carried out in 25 children – oligophrenic, caries and chronic catarrhal gingivitis patients (main group) and 20 children with caries and chronic catarrhal gingivitis without psychoneurological pathology (comparative group). The obtained data were compared with the values ​​of 20 healthy children who were included in the control group. In the oral liquid of the children of the study groups, the level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, FTN-α and anti-inflammatory IL-4, TGF-β1 cytokines was determined, which reflected the immunological status of the examined children.

Results and Discussion. In both children the oral fluids of both groups indicated an increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, FTN-α) against the background of reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, TGF-β1). It should be noted that the most significant difference between the average indicators was found among proinflammatory cytokines. It was investigated that in healthy children, without psychoneurological and dental pathology, the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the oral liquid was maximal.

Conclusions. Studies on the immunological status of oral fluid at the level of cytokine regulation in children-oligophrenic patients with major dental diseases have revealed changes in their state of systemic immunity, manifested by the prevalence of proinflammatory cytokines in the oral fluid.