Main clinical and pathogenetic features of the course of recurrent chronic aphthous stomatitis in the patients with anemia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2311-9624.2024.3.14975Keywords:
anemia, iron deficiency, oral pathology, chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitisAbstract
Summary. The etiology of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis is unknown, and the disease is often multifactorial, suggesting an underlying genetic susceptibility with possible contributing factors. Disorders of the oral cavity can appear with iron-deficiency anemia.
The aim of the study – to establish the frequency of anemia, indicators of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin level and erythrocyte intoxication index in recurrent aphthous stomatitis and to reveal their influence on the clinical picture of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
Materials and Methods. 75 patients aged 20-45 took part in the study, including 53 people with a clinical history of recurrent aphthous ulcers (the main group) and 22 healthy people who made up the control group. We used clinical and anamnestic data, a detailed dental examination, and laboratory blood tests.
Results and Discussion. The assessment of clinical and anamnestic data of the patients made it possible to establish the main symptoms and possible factors contributing to relapse. The study of patients with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis revealed the profile of the affected population with a predominance of women (60.38 %). Evaluation of the lesion sites showed that the buccal mucosa was the most frequently affected anatomical region (77.36 %), followed by the tongue and lips (54.72 % and 28.30 %, respectively). In 43.40 % of cases, more than one anatomical site was affected (from 2 to 4). According to the clinical analysis of the patients' blood, erythrocytopenia of various degrees, hemoglobin deficiency, a decrease in the hematocrit index, a decrease in the serum ferritin level, and an increase in the erythrocyte index of intoxication were revealed. Patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis suffer from anemia more often than individuals of the control group.
Conclusion. Patients with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis have an iron deficiency state with frequent and severe anemia syndrome. In iron-deficient conditions, tissue iron deficiency probably develops, which may be one of the etiological factors of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
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