Improvement of methods for predicting purulent-inflammatory complications after tooth extraction

Abstract

Summary. This article presents an innovative diagnostic method for purulent-inflammatory complications following tooth extraction which is proposed based on the analysis of formed elements in capillary blood and blood from the extraction socket. This enables more accurate prediction of complication risks and allows for timely adjustments in postoperative management, thereby improving clinical outcomes in treatment.

The aim of the study – to improve diagnostic methods for assessing the risk of purulent-inflammatory complications after tooth extraction. Analysis of previous research results is also considered.

Materials and Methods. Blood smear samples from 34 patients (21 women and 13 men), aged 18 to 65+years, diagnosed with periodontitis in various clinical stages, were analyzed. The cellular composition of capillary blood and blood from the socket of the extracted tooth was compared. Blood smears were stained using the Leishman or May-Grünwald techniques and then processed with Romanowsky stain.

Results and Discussion. In the comparative analysis of leukocyte levels in capillary blood and the tooth socket among patients of different age and gender groups, it was found that women in the younger age group (19–29 years) exhibited a significant difference between leukocyte levels in the tooth socket and capillary blood, whereas men in the same age group showed no notable difference. Among individuals in the middle age group, no significant discrepancies in leukocyte levels between the blood from the tooth socket and capillary blood were observed in women. A similar trend was seen among men in this age group as well. In the older age group, women tend to have lower leukocyte levels in capillary blood compared to the younger age groups, which may indicate a general weakening of the systemic immune response. In contrast, men in this age group displayed a notable increase in leukocyte levels in capillary blood compared to blood from the socket. This deviation from general trends may suggest an active systemic response in men despite a less pronounced local reaction.

Conclusions. Diagnosing the risks of developing suppurative-inflammatory complications after tooth extraction is a crucial component of successful patient treatment. The analysis of comparative data on leukocyte levels in capillary blood and from the socket of the extracted tooth revealed differences across various age groups and between male and female patients. The obtained results provide a basis for considering the proposed method as effective in assessing the risks of suppurative-inflammatory processes after tooth extraction.