The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is the site of manifestation of lichen planus and other diseases associated with an autoimmune component
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2311-9624.2023.4.14496Keywords:
lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, mucous membrane, homeostasisAbstract
Summary. The results of recent years' work make it possible to consider the oral mucosa as a site of primary manifestation of a significant number of general somatic diseases, including lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, relapsing aphthous stomatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, which in turn emphasizes the relevance and timeliness of monitoring , which is planned to be held.
The aim of the study – to monitor literary sources that provide an opportunity to explain the high frequency of oral manifestation on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity of lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, by immunological characteristics of epitheliocytes.
Materials and Methods. Review and analysis of scientific and medical literature based on databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, NCBI, the study of which does not exceed 5 years, including literature reviews and results of clinical studies.
Results and Discussion. Being a part of the mucous membrane system, the buccal epithelium maintains elements of its active position in relations with irritating factors coming from the external and internal environment. This allows it to be used to study the physiology and reactivity of mucous membranes, including as an indicator of local and general homeostasis disturbances. A change in the differentiation of the epitheliocytes of the oral mucosa is observed in a large number of autoimmune diseases, in particular, in lichen planus, the occurrence of which is mediated by T cells, in which autocytotoxic CD8 + T cells initiate apoptosis of the basal epithelial cells of the oral mucosa. The role of epitheliocytes of the oral mucosa in the implementation of the immune response and inflammation in recurrent aphthous stomatitis has been proven. A common hypothesis is based on the presence of specific mucin proteins that play a role in the formation of the protective mucosal membrane, which serves as the first line of defense between the epithelial cells of the oral cavity and possible initiating factors from the oral cavity.
Conclusions. The clinical informativeness of the cytospecificity of the epitheliocytes of the oral mucosa in lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis is extremely significant, which indicates the reactivity of the epithelium of the mucous membranes in the general system of homeostasis and allows the use of the most accessible of its elements in clinical and laboratory practice.
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