Postoperative scars on the skin
Literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2311-9624.2023.2-3.14141Keywords:
scar tissue, connective tissue, skin wound healing, collagen fibersAbstract
Summary. The treatment of the postoperative scar is closely related to the stages of wound healing. Management of a patient with elective surgery begins with a thorough history taking, during which he is informed about personal and clinical indicators that cannot be influenced, for example, age, ethnic origin, presence of co-morbidities.
The aim of the study – to analyse and summarise the literature with the study of current information on the etiological and pathophysiological aspects of scar tissue formation.
Materials and Methods. Analytical and bibliosemantic methods were used in the research. The search for scientific information on research medical subjects was carried out in the databases of search engines.
Results and Discussion. The formation of scar tissue is a physiological response to tissue injury and covers a wide range from normotrophic scars to atrophic, hypertrophic and keloid scars. Disruption of skin integrity changes the cellular environment and can affect the wound healing cascade. When skin integrity is restored, mechanical forces can affect skin remodelling, leading to a more difficult and prolonged recovery. The mechanisms by which these processes occur in normal skin during wound healing remain poorly understood. Excessive fibrosis and pathological scarring can occur during wound healing, as well as slow wound healing, which is clinically characterised by chronic ulcers that do not heal. Both variants of abnormal wound healing and repair pose a significant challenge to surgeons.The formation of excessive scar tissue caused by pathologically excessive collagen deposition is a problem known to all surgeons. Complications in wound healing, such as the formation of hypertrophic scars and keloids, can lead to an aesthetically unacceptable result, loss of function, restriction of movement and/or tissue growth, and adverse psychological consequences. The development of scars is a long process, where the formation and maturation of scar tissue can take several years. Therefore, treatment is often lengthy and requires a comprehensive approach.
Conclusions. Thanks to a deeper understanding of the physiology of wound healing and the physicochemical principles of scar formation, medical science is helping to develop new strategies for the treatment and prevention of pathological scars. It is important to be as knowledgeable as possible about scar tissue formation. This will make it possible to plan any surgical intervention in such a way as to minimise or avoid possible complications in the postoperative period.
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