Prospects for the use of immunohistochemical methods in the diagnosis and prognosis of the clinical course of generalized periodontitis (literature review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2311-9624.2022.4.13585Keywords:
generalized periodontitis, differentiation clusters, lymphocyte, epitheliumAbstract
Summary. The rapid development of morphology made it possible to significantly expand the understanding of the mechanisms of cellular reorganization under the influence of exogenous factors and during inflammatory and proliferative processes. The high specificity and diagnostic informativeness of immunohistochemical markers regarding the formation of prognostic criteria for the clinical course of periodontal tissue diseases and the detailing of the pathogenetic mechanisms of this nosology prompts their deeper study.
The aim of the study – to analyze literary sources with the characteristics of immunohistochemical methods in the diagnosis and prognosis of the clinical course of generalized periodontitis.
Materials and Methods. Review and analysis of scientific and medical literature based on databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, NCBI, the study of which does not exceed 10 years, including literature reviews and results of clinical trials.
Results and Discussion. Identification of the cellular composition of the gums in generalized periodontitis is a source of biomaterial for the identification of specific clusters of differentiation, which are highly informative for the diagnosis and prognosis of the clinical course of periodontitis. For example, the expression of specific markers such as CD-4, CD-3, CD-20, Ki-67, CD-68 in the cellular infiltrates of the gingival lamina propria in generalized periodontitis indicates certain pathophysiological processes in generalized periodontitis and can be valuable a prognostic criterion at various stages of the development of this disease.
Conclusions. Epitheliocytes of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity are a strategically important link in the emergence of inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane and periodontal tissues and are the subject of molecular genetic and immunohistochemical studies in dentistry.
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