The state of periodontal tissues and hard dental tissues in women in different trimesters of pregnancy

Abstract

Summary. A significant role in the formation of children's health, including dental health, is played by parents, who, by their own example, teach children from the first years of life to take care of the oral cavity, the attitude to preventive measures and the need to visit a dentist. Many studies have established a connection between the state of the mother's oral cavity and the level of dental morbidity in their children.

The aim of the study – to establish the level of dental health of pregnant women, taking into account the period of their pregnancy.

Materials and Methods. The study involved 210 pregnant women aged 18 to 36 years who underwent a dental examination in each trimester of pregnancy. During the examination, the dental status of the woman was determined, namely: the state of oral hygiene using the simplified Green-Vermillion hygiene index (OHI-S), the state of the hard tissues of the teeth according to the KPV and KpPvV indices, the state of the periodontal tissues using the papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA).

Results and Discussion. With increasing gestational age, there was an increase in OHI-S index values by 10.90 % in the second trimester and by 17.95 % in the third trimester, which indicates a worsening of the oral hygiene of pregnant women. First of all, this was due to an increase in the number of hard dental deposits. The percentage of pregnant women who had periodontal problems ranged from 71.90 to 82.38 % and depended on the period of pregnancy. The lowest rate of damage to periodontal tissues was observed during the examination of women in the II trimester of pregnancy, which to some extent is explained by the active remedial process during this period. The prevalence of dental caries in pregnant women is high and is equal to 98.57 %. The intensity of caries according to the KPV index is (9.74±0.65) of the affected teeth in the first trimester of pregnancy, (10.13±0.77) in the second trimester and (10.13±0.77) in the third trimester.

Conclusions. The level of oral hygiene of pregnant women according to the OHI-S index ranges from (1.56±0.11)-(1.84±0.15) points and has a tendency to worsen with increasing gestational age. The prevalence of periodontal tissue lesions in women increased from 71.90 % at the beginning of pregnancy to 82.38 % at the end of pregnancy. The average value of the PMA index in women in the I trimester of pregnancy was (6.74±0.35) % and was characterized by an increase in the index by 46.44 % (р<0.05) in the II trimester and by 63.80 % (р<0.05) in the III trimester. High level of prevalence and intensity of the carious process, insufficient level of rehabilitation of women planning pregnancy, permanent deterioration of the dental health of a pregnant woman.