The influence of myogenic stem cells on the course of enzyme and non-enzyme system of antioxidant protection in rats with acute periodontitis

Abstract

Summary. Diseases of periodontal tissues together with carious lesions are the most common and significant pathology of the maxillofacial system. According to WHO, they lead to rapid tooth loss, which is 5 times more complicated than the carious process.

The aim of the study – to investigate of the effect of stem cells on the course of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems under experimental periodontitis.

Materials and Methods. The study was performed on white outbred male rats weighing 180–200 g. Periodontitis was caused by the introduction of lipopolysaccharides in the gum tissue of 40 microliters (1 mg/ml) every other day for 14 days. On days 1, 7, 14, and 21 after the last LPS administration, rats were decapitated under thiopental anesthesia (50 mg/kg). Material from intact animals served as a control.

Results and Discussion. Obtaining MSCs was performed in pregnant females, approximately on the 21–24th day of pregnancy. The enzyme method was used to obtain viable MSCs. Cultivation was carried out in a CO₂ incubator at a temperature of 37 ^oC and a CO₂ concentration of 5 %. Stem cells were injected into the gums of rats in a single injection at the rate of 1 million cells per 1 kg of body weight. To maximize the viability of cells, the introduction of MSCs was carried out within 30 min after receiving the suspension. The content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined by the method of R. Fried, catalase (CT) – by the method of R. Holmes, ceruloplasmin (CP) – by the method of VG Kolb, VS Kamishnikov. Total antioxidant activity - according to the method of J.Stock et al. The obtained digital data were processed by the method of variation statistics. Determination of the significance of differences in the compared parameters between different samples was performed using the Student's t-test (with the normal distribution of results) or Mann–Whitney (in case of non-normal distribution). Differences at p<0.05 were considered significant.

Conclusions. It was found that the simulation of acute periodontitis led to an increase in antioxidant factors in the early stages of the pathological process with subsequent depletion of antioxidant reserves, which can lead to excessive growth of free radical processes and damage to periodontal tissues. MSC correction had a positive effect, smoothing out the changes that occurred.