Structural changes of periodontal tissues in experimental gingivitis with hyperergic course of inflammatory process

Abstract

To assess the morphological changes in periodontal tissues in experimental gingivitis with a hyperergic course of the inflammatory process, modeling of this pathology and experimental gingivitis was performed without affecting the course of the inflammatory reaction. The control parameters were histopreparations of periodontal tissues of intact rats.

The aim of the study – to study the morphological changes in periodontal tissues in experimental gingivitis with a hyperergic course of the inflammatory process.

Materials and Methods. Morphological studies of the alveolar process with teeth and periodontal tissues of intact rats and rats with experimental gingivitis aged 5–6 months were performed. Sections 6–7 μm thick, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, were microscopically examined and photo documented.

Results and Discussion. In rats of the normergic group in the epithelial layer observed expansion of intercellular spaces, infiltration by neutrophils. Subepithelial tissues were also infiltrated with leukocyte elements. The greatest changes were in the interdental gingival papillae, which were densely infiltrated by neutrophils, sometimes necrotized. In rats with experimental gingivitis and hyperergic course of the inflammatory reaction, epithelial changes corresponding to a nonspecific inflammatory process were observed. Almost all interdental papillae are covered with ulcers or partially necrotized, the epithelium grows under necrotic masses, in some places there is hyperplasia of the epithelium, especially the tops of the interdental gingival papillae. In addition to leukocytes, microcysts with keratin elements are identified in the epithelium of the gums.

Conclusions. Histological studies revealed changes in the structure of the gums of animals with experimental gingivitis without changing the reactivity of the organism. In particular, destructive changes of the epithelial and connective tissue layers of the mucous membrane were observed; there were changes in the epithelium: thickening of its stratum corneum, compaction of the granular and spinous layers; connective tissue: edema, leukocyte infiltration. When modeling hyperergic gingivitis in the periodontium there was an inflammatory process, which was characterized by the development of significant leukocyte infiltration of the epithelial layer; both necrotization of the gingival papilla and its hyperplasia with epithelial proliferation were often observed.