Microbiota of periodontal pockets in patients with coronary artery disease and chronic generalized periodontitis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2311-9624.2021.2.12330Keywords:
chronic generalized periodontitis, coronary artery disease, microbiological study, microbiota, periodontal pathogensAbstract
Summary. Chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) is reported as one of the independent risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). It is assumed that one of the main triggers for the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease due to CGP is the pathogenic microbiota of periodontal pockets, which causes the release of proinflammatory mediators, C-reactive protein and, consequently, systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.
The aim of the study – to determine the composition of the microbiota of periodontal pockets in patients with CAD and CGP.
Materials and Methods. A microbiological study of the composition of periodontal pockets of 84 patients with CGP of initial-I, II, and III degrees of severity: 64 patients with CGP and CAD of the study group (mean age of 56.9±7.9 years) and 20 people with CGP without CAD, who constitute the comparison group (mean age of 45.2±11.8 years).
Results and Discussion. As a result of microbiological examination of the composition of periodontal pockets in all examined patients both with CAD and CGP, the presence of pathogenic microbiota was revealed, which was characterized by species diversity and a high level of general contamination. The predominance of streptococci (Str. mitis, Str. salivarius, Str. pyogenes) and corynebacteria (Corynebacterium spp.) was observed in the patients of the study group. According to the detection rate of anaerobic species, the study group registered the predominance of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, B. melaninogenicus, Fusobacterium spp., Veillonella spp., and E. corrodens, the detection rate of which increased with the severity of the pathological process in periodontal tissues.
Conclusions. Analysis of microbiological study revealed changes in the composition of the microbiota of periodontal pockets, including aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in patients with CGP in the settings of CAD. A high level of colonization by pathogenic periodontal microbiota was established in comparison with the group of people with CGP without CAD. There is redistribution between gram-negative and gram-positive microbiota: the proportion of gram-negative anaerobes increases and more of their species gain activity in the CGP of the II and III degrees.
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