Evaluation of the microelement composition of blood serum and oral fluid in pregnant women with generalized periodontitis on the background of iron deficiency anemia

Abstract

Summary. The article presents data on the nature and dynamics of changes in the mineral metabolism of oral fluid during gestation under conditions of both its physiological course and in the presence of pathological course of pregnancy. It is shown that the level of inflammatory-dystrophic processes increases in women whose pregnancy is complicated by iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) ranks first among all complications of gestation, in which we observe a significant deficiency of certain trace elements, namely Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg and as a result we notice significant pathological changes in periodontal tissues.

The aim of the study – to investigate changes in mineral metabolism in blood and oral fluid, namely trace elements (Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg) in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in patients with generalized periodontitis and to justify the relationship with the severity of periodontal disease.

Materials and Methods. Studies of trace elements Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg in blood serum and oral fluid were performed to study some aspects of tissue metabolism in pregnant women with IDA. Quantitative determination of the content of biometals Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg in blood serum and oral fluid using atomic absorption spectrophotometry using standard sets of reagents and control sera “Filo-Norm”, “Filo-Pat” company “SpineLab” (Ukraine) on atomic sorption spectrophotometer “Saturn-3”, equipped with an electrothermal atomizer “Graphite-2”. Determination of the amount of calcium in blood serum and oral fluid was performed using a kit for the determination of calcium in biological fluids (research and production company “Simko Ltd”, Lviv).

Results and Discussion. Research results and their discussion. The relationship between the severity of inflammatory and inflammatory-dystrophic diseases of periodontal tissues, deficiency of certain trace elements in pregnant women and the severity of iron deficiency anemia has been studied.

Conclusions. We consider pregnancy as a physiological state during which there are changes in all types of metabolism, without exception is the exchange of macro-and micronutrients in the blood and oral fluid. The above changes are an important component of the pathogenesis of IDA in pregnant women. High biological activity of minerals and their participation in all metabolic processes, such as hematopoiesis, tissue respiration, is a decisive factor in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including periodontal tissues and is one of the main factors of resistance of this category of patients to ferrotherapy. Therefore, the study of mineral homeostasis during pregnancy is of great scientific and practical importance, especially against the background of gestational IDA anemia.