Features of changes in the factors of the humoral link of adaptive immunity and cytokine status in the oral fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2311-9624.2020.4.11722Keywords:
chronic periodontitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, oral fluid, humoral immunityAbstract
Summary. Modern views on the problem of the comorbidity of chronic periodontitis have shown the relationship between inflammatory and dystrophic-inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues and somatic pathology, including endocrine diseases. At the same time, the degree of periodontal lesion turns out to be the greater, the harder and longer the course of somatic pathology is, justifies the need for a detailed study of the mechanisms of the influence of comorbid conditions on the course of periodontitis.
The aim of the study – to analyze the nature of changes in humoral immunity and the concentration of cytokines in the oral fluid of patients with a comorbid course of chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods. We examined 20 apparently healthy individuals (control group), 36 patients with a clinically established diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), 32 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic periodontitis (CP) and 32 patients with combined DM and CP (group 4). The content of the main classes of immunoglobulins in the oral fluid sIgA and Ig G was determined according to G. Manchini, the level of cytokines by the enzyme immunoassay on the "Stat Fax Plus" apparatus according to the manufacturer's protocol.
Results and Discusssion. In the oral fluid, a significant decrease in the level of sIgA was found, in particular, in group 2 by 1.27 times, 3 – by 4.98 times and 4 – by 7.48 times; the level of IgG was significantly higher in group 2 – 1.62 times, respectively, 3 – 2.29 times and fourth 3.35 times, respectively, control values (p <0.01). High values of local pro-inflammatory cytokines were recorded in patients with a combined course of type 2 diabetes and CGP, while low values were recorded in patients with type 2 diabetes. The concentration of anti-inflammatory IL4 significantly decreased in group 2 – by 20.4 %, in group 3 – by 44.2 %, and in group 4 – by 57.9 % relative to the control (p <0.05).
Conclusions. In chronic periodontitis against the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the local humoral link of the immune system and the local cytokine status undergo possible changes.
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