Prevalence of dental anomalies and improvement of the organization of preventive work among schoolchildren
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/2311-9624.2020.1.11223Keywords:
schoolchildren, dental anomalies, organization of preventive workAbstract
According to many studies, the prevalence of dentognathic in the structure of dental morbidity is in third place after dental caries and periodontal tissue pathology. Functional disorders and orthodontic disorders of the dental system are not only a problem of human health, but also an important aspect in the process of personality formation and social status.
The aim of the study – to learn the prevalence of dental anomalies and improve the organization of preventive work among schoolchildren aged 14–15 years.
Materials and Methods. A total of 268 children and adolescents were examined: 122 boys (45.5 %) and 146 girls (54.5 %). To verify the diagnosis of dentohnathic anomalies used the classification of Calvelis, to assess the need for orthodontic treatment used a clinical index – Index of Treatment Need, designed to determine the presence and assessment of the severity of dental anomalies directly during the examination of the patient.
Results and Discussion. In the structure of the types of pathological occlusion the most common was deep (38.0 %), in second place was the cross type (28.8 %), 20.4 % was the distal type, 7.3 % – direct, 3.3 % – open , 2.2% – mesial. In 74.0 % of children there was a deformation of the dentition. The most common (46.0 cases per 100) – deformations of the lower dentition, in 28.0 cases per 100 – the upper dentition. In 58.0 % of children there was a congestion of teeth, in 23.4 % of cases there was tremor, and in 18.6 % – diastema. The most frequent congestion of teeth was observed in the anterior mandible (44.4 cases per 100 examined), and in girls it was recorded significantly more often. Less often – in the anterior part of the upper jaw (16.1 per 100 examined). Other localizations of this pathology were rare.
Conclusions. Thus, during the examination of the oral cavity it was found that in most cases in children 12–15 years there were abnormalities in the development of teeth, which could be due to both congenital factors and the influence of external factors. All such cases should be corrected by an orthodontist for the purpose of early prevention, both of the orthodontic disorders themselves and their consequences, but parents are in no hurry to bring their children to the orthodontist.
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