DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTS ABOUT THE SYSTEMIC INTERACTION OF THE NERVOUS AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS IN THE PROBLEMS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN INFLAMMATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11603/mie.1996-1960.2024.3-4.15461Keywords:
mathematical modeling, neuroimmune interaction, inflammation distribution, afferent pathway, efferent pathways, immune response, systems biomedicine, clinical application, immunoinformaticsAbstract
Background. The research is devoted to the analysis of pathways and the exchange of information between the immune and nervous systems. Information about the presence of bacterial antigens and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the cervix, intestines and parenchymal organs is found in the cerebrums along parasympathetic pathways, and when the nervus vagus is cut, the CNS neutrons do not respond to their introduction. Electrophysiological studies and analysis of the structures of the hypothalamus on the brain cells to replace c–Fos protein is a marker of neuron activation, to identify those with a pattern of activation of brain structures when administered different antigens different.
It is clear to say that the algorithm changes the electroneurograms characteristic of the reaction to the song cytokine. The presence of any antigens in the body results in the production of cytokines (IL-1, TNFα, IL-6, IFNy, etc.), receptors that act on peripheral neutrons and nerve endings in the vagus, thus afferent completion of neutrons n. vagus can be influenced by cytokines and whose signals are transmitted to the neurons of the central nervous system. A set of data available in the literature about the availability of information in the brain about bacterial antigens, LPS and inoculation of the inflammatory type allows the development of clinical methods of subdivision n. vagus in the clinic for illnesses of ignition, allergic and auto allergic nature. There are also more extensive mathematical models of the immune system that describe the complex hierarchy of immune processes at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels. The modeling includes a description of the cellular and humoral organs of the immune type with the differentiation of Th lymphocytes into three phenotypes – Th1, Th2, and Th17. The specificity of the modeling and research of peers in private studies is similar to the description of the processes of proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes with the saving of memory about the number of divisions, passed through the skin cells, which in the future will help to create more accurate models of the immune type, which will address the genetic characteristics of the dynamics of these cellular processes, as well as the synthesis cytokines IL-17, IL-21. The purpose of the study was to conceptualize approaches to integrating high-throughput data collection methods and experimental methods with mathematical approaches to gain a better understanding of how the immune system functions in different levels of functioning of the body.
Materials and methods. A theoretical analysis and systematization of research results was conducted using leading scientometric databases. Research object: systematic development of large-scale mathematical models describing the development of immune responses at different levels of detail; structuring medical knowledge about the pathways and information exchange between the immune and nervous systems. The following methods were used in the study: information modeling, mathematical modeling, clustering and taxonomy, ADAPT methodology, expert assessment methods, meta-analysis.
Results. The hypothesis of organizing the process of transferring information about the immune system to the brain from the autonomic nerves is considered. It is emphasized that this process is carried out by stretching the muscles, and the response to information about the antigenic action in the brain is realized through the reflex mechanism, then lasting a fraction of a second, which is shown when the ignition develops types. What is new is the rational regulation of the function of the immune system.
To uncover information related to human immunology and its functions, immunoinformatics methods are widely used in biomedical research - the integration of complex experiments on a genome scale experiment was performed considering immunological pathway focused Bayesian statistical integration. For the development of modern systemic immunology and the new interdisciplinary field
- mathematical immunology, it is necessary to continue the systematic development of richly large- scale mathematical models that describe the development immune reactions at the next level of detail: 1) internal cellular regulation of the activity of components of the immune system; 2) population dynamics of cells in organs and 3) systemic immune physiological processes in the entire organism.
Conclusions. The development of mathematical modeling in the field of infectious diseases in a living organism will allow us to reasonably move on to setting the tasks of optimal treatment of adverse forms of diseases based on systems models that integrate the dynamics of pathogen spread during the development of immune reactions and the distribution of drugs.
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