Hormonal and other methods of thyroid gland examination: A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61751/bmbr/2.2024.85Keywords:
hormones, diagnostic methods, structure, functional state, ultrasound examinationAbstract
The high frequency of thyroid gland disorders is currently being established, indicating that regular assessment of
its condition and hormone levels may aid in the early detection of disease development. This study aimed to analyse current
scientific data on methods for diagnosing the state of the thyroid gland. A randomised systematic review of 43 scientific
sources published between 2015 and 2024 was conducted. The article provides an overview of traditional and modern
methods of thyroid gland examination. It has been established that modern diagnostic methods are used to determine
the condition of the thyroid gland and to characterise formations. Among them, thyroid ultrasound examination is the
main non-radiation diagnostic tool for establishing diseases and monitoring observation. The advantages of ultrasound
examination include speed, availability, and information content of the method. In addition, an important role is played
by the physical examination of the patient and laboratory tests. Currently, fine-needle aspiration biopsy is considered
the gold standard for the study of thyroid nodules. Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography
is used to assess tumour response and for the diagnosis, prognosis, and staging of thyroid cancer. To determine the
functional state of the thyroid gland, the level of thyroid hormones in the blood serum is established: triiodothyronine,
thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid peroxidase antibody, thyroglobulin antibodies, thyroid stimulating
hormone receptor antibodies, thyroglobulin, and calcitonin. Thus, various clinical, instrumental, and laboratory research
methods are used to determine the state of the thyroid gland
Received: 19.02.2024 | Revised: 26.04.2024 | Accepted: 28.05.2024
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